空间位置数目对时间知觉的影响：行为与ERP证据

发布时间：2018-03-17 22:31

本文选题：时间知觉　切入点：空间位置　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：时间知觉是人类一种基本的认知过程。虽然近年来的大量研究揭示了客体的物理属性,例如大小、明度、物理距离、速度、运动方向、可视性等,都可以直接影响人类的主观时间知觉。然而,迄今为止还没有研究直接去探讨客体空间位置能否改变人类的主观时间知觉。本研究的目的在于探讨不同的空间位置数目是否会影响被试的主观时间知觉。为此,在本研究中,我们使用了一个新的实验范式——时间间隔的空间分割范式(spatial splitting of a temporal interval paradigm, SSTI)。该实验范式的本质在于测量被试对于一个固定的物理时间间隔(1100ms,标准刺激)的主观时间知觉是如何随着其需要编码的空间位置数目的变化(1个,2个,3个,4个或6个空间位置,简写为1L,2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls)而发生变化的。在2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls四种条件下,虽然存在多个空间位置需要被编码,但是和1L条件下一样,在任一时刻都只有一个空间位置存在。这也正是本研究范式不同于之前研究的关键之所在,比如Xuan等人(2007)发现的刺激数量增大导致的主观时间延长效应。本研究中的5个实验均采用时间比较任务,即在每一个试次中出现两个时间间隔,其中一个时间间隔总是为1100ms(标准刺激),而另一个时间间隔(比较刺激)选择围绕标准刺激时间间隔的7个或3个可选值(从200ms到3000ms)。实验中的自变量为标准刺激所包含的空间位置数目(1L,2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls),因变量为时间膨胀系数(在研究三中为被试判断标准刺激比比较刺激更长的次数、反应时和脑电指标)。实验1的结果发现需要编码的空间位置数目主效应显著,尤其是1L和2Ls条件下的主观时间知觉的平均值显著地小于3Ls和4Ls条件下的平均值。但是实验1中的空间位置数目效应可能受到不同条件下空间位置可预测性的影响,因此在实验2中我们控制了标准刺激中下一个空间位置出现的顺序(顺时针或逆时针)。实验2重复了实验1的结果。基于以上两个实验,我们认为在视觉通道中,当时间估计需要依赖于空间位置时,时间知觉会受到空间加工的约束,即确立了时间知觉的空间位置数目效应——需要编码的空间位置数目越多,我们知觉到的客体持续时间越长。即使控制了四种实验条件中标准刺激的空间位置可预测性之后,空间位置数目效应依然存在。为了进一步探讨空间位置数目效应是否存在一个容量限制,而不是随着空间位置数目的增大持续增加,我们设计了实验3。结果表明,空间位置数目效应的容量为3到4个空间位置(4Ls条件和6Ls条件无差异)。实验4作为实验3的控制实验,同样控制了标准刺激中下一个空间位置出现的顺序,实验结果重复了空间位置数目效应,且其容量为3到4个空间位置。基于以上四个实验,我们认为空间位置数目效应的容量很可能为3到4个空间位置。在研究三中,我们想通过ERP技术,进一步寻求空间位置数目的电生理指标。结果表明：基于空间位置的时间加工主要反映在顶枕区；CNV的峰值潜伏期可以很好的反应被试的决策过程：当比较刺激为1500ms时,在1500ms到被试进行决策(峰值潜伏期)的时间窗口内,1L-2Ls条件下的CNV平均波幅显著大于3Ls-4Ls条件下的CNV平均波幅。总之,通过本研究中的系列实验,我们认为在视觉通道中,对时间的加工会受到空间位置的制约,且其容量很可能为3到4个空间位置。
[Abstract]:Time perception is a basic human cognitive process. Although recent studies reveal the physical properties of the object, such as size, lightness, physical distance, speed, direction of movement, visibility, can directly affect the subjective human perception of time. However, so far there is no subjective perception of time to explore the space position the object can change the human direct research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the number of different positions will influence the perception of subjective time subjects. Therefore, in this study, we used a new experimental paradigm: time interval space division (spatial splitting of a temporal model interval paradigm, SSTI). The nature of the experimental paradigm is to test for a physical time intervals (1100ms, standard stimulus) the subjective perception of time is how with the need of encoding Position number (1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 spatial locations, abbreviated as 1L, 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls) and the changes in 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls under the four conditions, although there are a number of space position must be encoding, but and under the condition of 1L at a time, only one space position. It is also the research paradigm different from previous research key, such as Xuan et al (2007) found that the number of subjective time stimulus resulting from the increase of prolonged effect.
5 experiments in this study were used to compare time tasks, that in every trial in two time intervals, one time interval is 1100ms (standard stimulus), and another time interval (comparison stimulus) about the choice of the standard stimulus 7 or 3 optional time interval (from 200ms to 3000ms). The number of standard stimuli contained in the experiment of spatial position variables (1L, 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls), the dependent variable is the time expansion coefficient (for the judgment of the subjects in the study 3 times than the standard stimulus, more exciting longer reaction time and bispectral index). 1 the experiment found that the number of spatial location encoding need significant main effect, especially the average subjective perception of time 1L and 2Ls under the condition of significantly less than the average 3Ls and 4Ls conditions. But the space position number 1 may have no effect under the same conditions in space The predictability of the influence, therefore in Experiment 2 we control the standard stimulus next space position order (clockwise or counterclockwise). The experimental results of 2 repeated experiments. 1 of the above two experiments based on, we believe that in the visual channel, when the estimated time depends on the space position. Time perception by space processing constraints, namely the establishment of a number of more space position number - encoding effect of time perception, the object of our perceived duration. Even after controlling for the four experimental conditions the spatial position of quasi stimulus predictability, space position number in order to effect still exists. To further explore the spatial position of the number of effects of the existence of a limited capacity, rather than with the increase of the space position number continues to increase, we designed 3. experimental results show that the space The effect of the number of capacity of 3 to 4 position (no difference between 4Ls condition and 6Ls condition). In Experiment 4, Experiment 3 as a control experiment, the same control standard stimulus next position. The order of the experimental results, the spatial position of the number of repeat effect, and its capacity of 3 to 4 positions more than four experiments. Based on the space position we think is likely to effect the capacity of the number 3 to 4. In the space position of the third study, we want to through ERP technology, electrophysiological index to seek further space position number. The results show that the processing time space position is mainly reflected in the occipital region based on the peak latency of CNV; the decision-making process can well reflect the subjects: when comparing the stimulation of 1500ms, in the 1500ms to test the decision (latency) within the time window, the CNV average amplitude under the condition of 1L-2Ls was significantly greater than that of 3Ls-4Ls The average amplitude of CNV under the condition.
In conclusion, through a series of experiments in this study, we think that the processing of time in visual channels will be restricted by the location of the space, and its capacity is likely to be 3 to 4 spatial locations.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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