新闻广播背景音对大学生阅读知觉广度的影响

发布时间：2018-03-20 14:30

本文选题：阅读知觉广度　切入点：无关背景音效应　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日常生活中,人们在阅读、办公、写作业时,会伴随着令人分心的、无关的背景音(如广播、谈话声、电视节目、音乐等)。据观察,在大学生学习的地方经常伴有无关声音,很多学生都没有意识到我们的思考过程(认知过程)会被声音干扰(特别是言语),进而降低学习效率。从前人的研究中,可以看到无关背景音对认知任务的影响是一个长期持续的研究主题。许多研究者发现无关背景音的干扰作用比较普遍,在需要顺序回忆的任务、在语义记忆、写作、阅读等任务中都发现了无关背景音的干扰作用。众所周知,阅读是一个复杂的任务,在有无关声音的情况下,阅读会被潜在地干扰。而阅读知觉广度是指在阅读时一次注视能获得的对阅读有用信息的范围。阅读知觉广度作为阅读的一个基本问题,说明阅读效率的高低。那么无关背景音对阅读知觉广度的影响又如何呢?即本研究欲探讨无关背景音对阅读知觉广度的影响,观察在知觉广度中是否存在无关背景音效应。本研究采用移动窗口范式探讨无关背景音对大学生阅读知觉广度的影响。本实验以28名大学生为被试,以Eyelink2000眼动仪为工具,探究大学生被试在新闻广播、白噪音、安静三种无关背景音的阅读情境下,阅读句子时的阅读时间、阅读速度、有效读速、注视次数这四个指标是否存在显著差异,进而探讨无关背景音对大学生阅读知觉广度的干扰作用。大学生被试在眼动仪上阅读155个句子材料,为使被试认真阅读句子,阅读过程中随机设置问题句。实验采用3(背景音类型:新闻广播、白噪音、安静)×5(窗口大小:L1R1条件、L2R2条件、L3R3条件、L4R4条件、整行条件)两因素被试内设计。实验结果发现:(1)与白噪音和安静条件相比,新闻广播背景音条件下,大学生的阅读时间更长,阅读速度变慢,有效读速下降,注视次数增加。(2)广播条件下知觉广度的右侧范围是2个字,安静和白噪音条件下知觉广度的右侧范围是2-3个字。实验结论:新闻广播背景音使大学生的阅读效率下降,阅读知觉广度变小。
[Abstract]:In daily life, people are accompanied by distracting, irrelevant background sounds (such as radio, talk, television, music, etc.) while reading, working and doing homework. Many students do not realize that our thinking process (cognitive process) can be interfered with by sound (especially speech), thus reducing learning efficiency. It can be seen that the influence of irrelevant background sounds on cognitive tasks is a long-term and continuous research topic. Many researchers have found that the interference of irrelevant background sounds is more common, in tasks requiring sequential recall, in semantic memory, in writing, As we all know, reading is a complex task in which irrelevant background sounds are found. Reading can be potentially interfered with. Reading perceptual span refers to the range of useful information that can be obtained at a time of reading. Reading perception span is a basic problem in reading. Explain the reading efficiency. What about the influence of irrelevant background sound on reading perception span? The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of irrelevant background sounds on reading perceptual span. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of irrelevant background sound on the reading span of college students by moving window paradigm. 28 college students were selected as subjects and Eyelink2000 eye movement instrument was used as a tool. To explore whether there are significant differences in reading time, reading speed, effective reading speed and fixation times in the reading situations of news broadcast, white noise and silence. The purpose of this study was to explore the interference of irrelevant background sounds on the reading perception span of college students. In order to make the subjects read the sentences carefully, the subjects read 155 sentences on the eye movement instrument. The experiment used 3 (background sound type: news broadcast, white noise, quiet) 脳 5 (window size: L1R1 condition / L2R2 condition / L3R3 condition / L4R4 condition). The results showed that compared with white noise and quiet conditions, the reading time of college students was longer, the reading speed was slower, and the effective reading speed was lower. The right range of perceptual span is 2 words in broadcast condition, and 2-3 words in quiet and white noise condition. The experimental conclusion is that the reading efficiency of college students is decreased by news broadcast background sound. The breadth of reading perception becomes smaller.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.2

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