愤怒情绪感染的性别差异及作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 22:04

本文选题：情绪感染　切入点：愤怒　出处：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情绪感染是指在人际交互的过程中,一方的情绪状态被另一方接收并产生相似情绪体验的现象。虽然在古希腊希波克拉底时期就有了关于情绪感染的相关记载,但是直到20世纪90年代心理学家们才开始对它进行系统的研究。情绪感染与共情、情绪启动等概念有着密切的联系,但是也存在着一定的区别。在情绪感染的性别差异方面,不同的研究者得出了不同的结果,而且目前的研究大多针对阈上刺激引发的情绪感染,对于阈下刺激引发的情绪感染现象研究较少。根据现有的文献,目前存在两种假说对情绪感染的作用机制进行阐释——模仿-反馈假说和社会比较假说。模仿-反馈假说认为：在与他人接触的过程中,个体倾向于自动的和持续的模仿、同步自己与他人的动作,通过这些同步的模仿和反馈,个体的主观情绪体验受到影响,由此,个体倾向于随时“捕捉”他人的情绪,从而发生情绪感染。社会比较假说则认为：在与他人接触的过程中,个体首先会对他人进行一个整体的判断,如果个体感知到与他人的相似性,则进行相似性检验,从而使自身的情绪趋同于他人,产生情绪感染；如果个体感知到与他人的相异性,则进行相异性检验,从而产生异化效应,使自己的情绪背离他人。愤怒是人的四种基本情绪之一,研究显示愤怒与个体的抑郁、焦虑之间有着密切的关系,而且愤怒情绪感染在群体性事件中发挥着重要的作用,但是针对愤怒情绪感染的研究却相对较少,因此,有必要对愤怒情绪感染进行深入的研究。为了更好的检验阈上、阂下刺激条件下,愤怒情绪感染性别差异的具体表现,并试图整合情绪感染的两种假说,本研究在前人研究的基础上,随机选取145名大学生为研究对象,设计了两个实验,使用量表评定法对愤怒情绪感染进行了研究。实验一采用2(性别：男、女)×2(呈现时间：阈上呈现、阈下呈现)两因素混合设计考察了不同呈现时间条件下,愤怒情绪感染性别差异的表现；实验二采用2(被试与愤怒表达主体性别一致性：一致、不一致)×2(是否诱发相似性比较：诱发、不诱发)两因素混合设计考察了性别一致性与相似性比较对愤怒情绪感染的交互影响。研究得出的主要结论如下： (1)无论是愤怒情绪面孔还是愤怒情绪表达视频,都能够使被试产生显著的愤怒情绪感染效应。 (2)阈上呈现愤怒情绪面孔所引起的愤怒情绪感染效应显著高于阈下呈现愤怒情绪面孔所引起的愤怒情绪感染效应。 (3)不同刺激呈现时间条件下,愤怒情绪感染的性别差异有不同的表现：阈上呈现愤怒情绪面孔条件下,男性的愤怒情绪感染程度要显著高于女性；阈下呈现愤怒情绪面孔条件下,男女的愤怒情绪感染程度没有显著差异。 (4)被试与愤怒表达主体性别一致条件下所产生的愤怒情绪感染程度要显著高于不一致条件；是否诱发被试的相似性比较对愤怒情绪感染的影响差异不显著。 (5)诱发相似性比较条件下,性别一致组所产生的愤怒情绪感染效应要显著高于性别不一致组所产生的愤怒情绪感染效应。不诱发相似性比较条件下,两者差异不显著,但是依然存在愤怒情绪感染现象。性别一致条件下,诱发相似性比较组所产生的情绪感染程度要显著高于不诱发相似性比较组；性别不一致条件下,诱发相似性比较组所产生的情绪感染程度要显著低于不诱发相似性比较组。 (6)情绪感染是模仿-反馈假说和社会比较假说共同作用的结果：模仿-反馈假说是情绪感染的基础,社会比较假说中的同化效应和异化效应对情绪感染的程度起着放大或缩小的影响。
[Abstract]:The mood is in the process of interpersonal interaction, an emotional state by the other party to receive and produce the phenomenon of similar emotional experience. Although in ancient Greece Hippocrates period had the relevant records on the mood, but until 1990s, psychologists began to make systematic research on it. Their emotions and empathy. Priming concepts are closely linked, but there are also some differences. Gender differences in emotional contagion, different researchers have obtained different results, but most of the current study aimed at suprathreshold stimulation emotions caused by infection, infection for subthreshold stimulation caused by emotional phenomena according to the existing research. In the literature, there are two kinds of hypothesis on the mechanism of emotional infection of interpretation - imitation - feedback hypothesis and social comparison hypothesis. Imitation - feedback hypothesis that In the process of contact with others, individuals tend to automatically and continuously synchronize themselves with others to imitate, action, through the synchronous imitation and feedback, experience the individual's subjective emotional impact, therefore, individuals tend to always capture the emotions of others, resulting in emotional infection. Social comparison hypothesis think: in the process of contact with others, the individual will first be an overall judgment on others, if the individual perceived similarity with others, then the similarity test, so that their own emotional convergence to others, emotional infection; if individuals perceive and differences of others, are different test, resulting in alienation effect, so that their emotions from others. Anger is one of the four basic human emotions, anger and depression of the individual, has a close relationship between anxiety, and Anger infection plays an important role in group incidents, but there is relatively little research on anger infection. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on anger infection.
In order to test the threshold better, the subthreshold stimulus conditions, the specific performance of anger infection of gender differences, the two hypotheses and try to integrate emotions, this study on the basis of previous studies, randomly selected 145 college students as the research object, designed two experiments, using the questionnaire of anger the infection was studied. Experiment is a 2 (male, female) * 2 (presentation time: supraliminal presentation, subliminal) two factor mixed design was investigated under the condition of present time, anger contagion of sex differences in performance; experiment with 2 subjects (two subjects with gender consistency: the expression of anger, inconsistent) * 2 (whether by similarity comparison: induced, not induced) two factor mixed design examines gender consistency and similarity comparison of interaction of anger infection. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) both anger and anger expression video can make the subjects have a significant effect of anger and emotion.
(2) the effect of anger emotional infection caused by an angry face on the threshold of anger was significantly higher than the anger emotional effect caused by the subliminal anger face.
(3) different stimulus presentation time conditions have different gender differences in anger infection: anger faces presented supraliminal conditions, male anger infection was significantly higher than female; subliminal anger face conditions, there is no significant difference between male and female anger infection.
(4) the degree of anger generated by subjects who are consistent with anger expression is significantly higher than that of inconsistent conditions. Whether there is a significant difference in the influence of similarity between subjects on the infection of anger is not significant.
(5) induced by the similarity conditions, anger contagion effect is significantly higher than that of gender inconsistent the anger contagion effect of gender group generated. By comparing similarity of conditions, the difference is not significant, but there is still anger infection phenomenon. The condition of the same gender, induce similar comparison of the group generated by the emotional infection degree was significantly higher than that by similarity comparison group; gender inconsistent conditions, induced by similarity comparison group generated by the emotional infection degree was significantly lower than that by similarity comparison group.
(6) emotional infection is the result of the interaction between imitation feedback hypothesis and social comparison hypothesis: imitation feedback hypothesis is the basis of emotional infection, and the assimilation effect and alienation effect of social comparison hypothesis influence the degree of emotional infection.

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】