观众效应对羞怯个体执行功能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:28

本文选题：羞怯　切入点：观众效应　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：羞怯是一种常见的心理体验,每个人都或多或少经历过。跨文化研究证明羞怯具有普遍性,且中国青少年的羞怯体验更为普遍,程度也更加严重。羞怯在中国文化背景下,经常被认为是“含蓄”、“内敛”和“谦虚”的表现。但是不可忽视的是,羞怯个体在社交场合中,经常表现为害羞脸红,不知所措,说话小声,不敢发表自己的意见,担心别人对自己的负性评价等,忧虑、紧张不安经常笼罩在他们心头,在一定程度上影响了羞怯个体的人际交往水平和工作生活质量。本研究以山东某高校的学生为被试,旨在用行为实验法探讨观众效应对不同羞怯水平的个体执行功能的影响是否存在差异。实验一采用经典Stroop范式,主要考察观众条件下不同羞怯水平的个体抑制功能是否存在差异,采用2(羞怯、非羞怯)×2(有观众条件、无观众条件)二因素组间设计,羞怯水平和观众条件均为组间变量,因变量是Stroop效应量。实验二采用n-back实验范式,主要考察观众条件下不同羞怯水平的个体刷新功能是否存在差异,采用2(羞怯、非羞怯)×2(有观众条件、无观众条件)×2(任务难度1、3)混合实验设计,其中,羞怯水平是组间变量,观众条件是组间变量,任务难度是组内变量,因变量是n-back任务的反应时和正确率。实验三采用More-odding shifting任务,考察观众条件下,不同羞怯水平的个体转换能力的差异,采用2(羞怯、非羞怯)×2(有观众条件、无观众条件)的二因素组间设计,羞怯水平为组间变量,观众条件为组间变量,转换反应时为因变量。结果发现:(1)在有观众条件下,羞怯个体的Stroop效应量显著低于非羞怯个体;(2)在有观众的情况下,羞怯个体在3-back任务中的正确率显著低于1-back任务正确率。非羞怯个体在3-back任务正确率显著低于1-back任务正确率。在1-back任务中,羞怯个体正确率显著低于非羞怯个体;在3-back任务中,羞怯个体正确率显著低于非羞怯个体。在1-back实验任务中,非羞怯个体在有观众条件下正确率显著高于无观众条件下正确率;羞怯个体在有观众条件下的正确率显著低于无观众条件下正确率。3-back实验任务中,非羞怯个体在有无观众条件下正确率差异不显著;羞怯个体在有观众条件下的正确率显著低于无观众条件下正确率;(3)在有观众的情况下,羞怯个体在3-back任务反应时显著高于1-back任务反应时,非羞怯个体在3-back任务反应时显著高于1-back任务正确率;有观众条件下,在1-back任务中,羞怯个体反应时显著高于非羞怯个体;在3-back任务中,羞怯个体反应时显著高于非羞怯个体;在1-back实验任务中,非羞怯个体在有观众条件下反应时显著低于无观众条件下反应时;羞怯个体在有观众条件下的反应时显著高于无观众条件下反应时;3-back实验任务中,非羞怯个体在有无观众条件下反应时差异不显著;羞怯个体在有观众条件下的反应时显著高于无观众条件下反应时;(4)在观众条件下,羞怯个体的转换能力显著低于非羞怯个体;在无观众条件下,羞怯个体和非羞怯个体的转换能力差异不显著。羞怯个体在有无观众条件下转换反应时差异显著,观众条件下,羞怯个体的转换反应时显著高于非羞怯个体;非羞怯个体在有无观众条件下转换反应时差异不显著。本研究表明,羞怯个体在社交场合的不适应表现和行为抑制现象的出现是由于执行功能受到了影响,主要表现为抑制能力,刷新能力和转换能力减弱,这为我们以后进一步认识羞怯的认知特点提供了一定的实证依据。
[Abstract]:Shyness is a common psychological experience, everyone more or less experienced. Cross cultural studies show that shyness is universal, and China adolescent shy experience more generally the degree is more serious. China shyness in the cultural background, is often considered a "subtle", "introverted" and "modest" performance but can not be ignored is that the shy individuals in social situations, often manifests as shy blush, speak softly, dare not be at a loss what to do, to express their views, fear of others for their own negative evaluation anxiety, nervousness, often shrouded in their heart, to a certain extent affected the level of interpersonal and the quality of working life shyindividuals. This study takes Shandong university students as subjects, aims to use behavior experimental study on effects of different levels of audience shy individual executive function influence whether differences exist. A test using the classical Stroop paradigm, mainly on the audience under the condition of different shyness level individual inhibitory function and whether there are differences, the 2 (shy, nonshy) * 2 (the audience, the audience no conditions) two factors between subjects design, shyness level and audience conditions are group variables, the dependent variable is Stroop effect. Experiment two. Using the n-back paradigm, mainly inspects the audience under different levels of individual shyness refresh whether there are differences in function, with 2 (pudency, nonshy) * 2 (the audience, the audience no conditions) * 2 (task 1,3) mixed experimental design, which is the level of shyness group variables. The audience is group variables, the difficulty of the task is within group variable and the dependent variable is n-back task response time and accuracy. In experiment three, using the More-odding shifting task to investigate audience conditions, individual differences in conversion ability of different shyness level,. 2 (pudency, nonshy) * 2 (the audience, the audience no conditions) two factors between group design, the level of shyness to group variables, the audience for group variables, the conversion reaction time as dependent variables. Results showed that: (1) in the audience under shyindividuals Stroop. The amount should be significantly lower than the non shy individuals; (2) in the audience under the condition that the correct rate of shy individuals in the 3-back task in the task. The correct rate was significantly lower than that of 1-back non shy individuals in the 3-back task accuracy rate was significantly lower than that of 1-back. The correct rate of tasks in the 1-back task, shyindividuals correct rate was significantly lower than the non shy individuals; in the 3-back task, the correct rate of shy individuals was significantly lower than the non shy individuals. In 1-back experimental tasks, non shy individuals in the audience under the condition of the correct rate is significantly higher than that of the audience under the condition of the correct rate; in view of shy individuals without the correct rate of audience conditions was significantly lower than that of The correct rate of.3-back under the condition of experimental tasks, there is no non shy individuals in the audience right under the conditions of no significant difference in accuracy; shyindividuals audience conditions significantly lower than that of the audience under the condition of the correct rate; (3) the audience in case of shy individuals in the 3-back task was significantly higher than that of 1-back the task response time, non shy individuals in the 3-back task reaction time was significantly higher than that of 1-back accuracy; the audience under the condition in the 1-back task, reaction time was significantly higher than that of non shy individuals shy individuals; in the 3-back task, shyindividuals reaction time was significantly higher than that of non shy individuals; in the 1-back experimental task, non shyindividuals in response to the audience under the reaction conditions was significantly lower than that of the audience; the audience in shyindividuals reaction time under the reaction conditions was significantly higher than that in none of the audience; the 3-back experimental task, a non shy There is no body in the audience reaction under the condition of no significant difference; shy individuals in the audience reaction time under the reaction conditions was significantly higher than that of the audience; (4) in the condition of shyindividuals conversion ability was significantly lower than the non shy individuals in the audience; no conditions, shy and non shy individual differences individual transformation ability is not significant. There is no shyness individuals in the conversion reaction under the condition of significant difference when the audience, the audience under the conditions of conversion shyindividuals reaction was significantly higher than that of non shy individuals; non shy individuals in any audience under the condition of conversion reaction difference is not significant. The study showed that the emergence of shy individuals in social situations do not adapt to the performance and behavior of the phenomenon is due to inhibition of executive function is affected, mainly for suppression, refresh capability and transformation capability weakened, this for us to further understand the cognitive characteristics of shy later Some empirical evidence is provided.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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