中小强度的运动对不同认知负荷下工作记忆广度的影响

发布时间：2018-03-27 05:27

本文选题：工作记忆广度　切入点：认知负荷　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的不断发展，我国综合国力的提高，全民健身走进了人们的视野，受到了社会各界的关注和支持。在大力推广全民健身的同时，增强人民体质与健康的科学研究及技术的开发成为了工作重点。运动对人的各方面的影响受到了越来越多的学科关注。现如今人们对健康的定义已不仅仅局限于身体健康，而是更多的提倡身心健康。身体与心理的关系是息息相关，密不可分的。体育锻炼对人的身心健康有着积极的作用。关于体育锻炼的研究领域越来越多样化。近年来，运动对心理活动的影响的相关研究走进人们的视线。运动与认知的关系研究受到越来越多的心理学学者的关注。大多数研究显示出了运动对认知、情绪、情感等方面的积极促进作用，但是很少有运动与工作记忆之间的量化研究。工作记忆与认知负荷的相关研究很多，但是运动对工作记忆的影响研究很少，且量化不够严格，结论并不一致。现有的研究，大多集中于情绪与运动关系的研究，还有运动以及运动对老年人认知功能衰退有缓解作用等方面，对于运动对认知功能的影响研究还是比较少的，且最终的实验结果不一，对于运动对工作记忆的影响研究的就更是少之又少。因此，基于以上所述，本研究中将尝试着进行运动和工作记忆之间的关系的实验探究。本文基于前人的研究，在运动促进认知的框架下，采用了连续运算广度任务和de-de-de广度任务范式，即考察了在不同认知负荷条件下，加入运动处理之后的工作记忆广度的变化。本研究以大学生为被试，随机选取了内蒙古师范大学体育学院本科生65名（其中5名被试的数据无效），随机分为六组，其中两组为对照组，分别为高负荷对照组和低负荷对照组，其余均为实验组——中等强度-高负荷组、中等强度-低负荷组、小强度-高负荷组和小强度-低负荷组。所有被试均先进行工作记忆广度的前测，之后对照组休息，实验组进行相应强度的运动，时间为20分钟。在本研究中，选取心率作为衡量和监测运动强度的标准，以运动心率为150~160次/分钟为中等强度的运动，以运动心率为120~130次/分钟为小强度运动。运动以被试心率达到要求区间开始计时，运动15分钟左右。之后回到实验室，再次进行工作记忆广度的测试。研究表明：第一，通过运动处理后，实验组被试前后测成绩差优于对照组前后测成绩差，且差异显著；方差分析结果显示运动强度的主效应显著。表明运动对工作记忆广度有促进的作用。第二，中等强度的运动无论是在高认知负荷组还是在低认知负荷组的成绩都显著优于小强度运动组的成绩。结果说明了中等强度的运动较小强度的运动对工作记忆广度有更大的促进作用。第三，认知负荷对工作记忆广度的主效应显著，则说明任务的难易程度对工作记忆有显著影响。任务难度越大，，越复杂，工作记忆广度越差。第四，对认知负荷和运动强度进行的方差分析显示运动强度与认知负荷的交互作用不显著，也就是说二者之间没有交互作用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy, China's comprehensive national strength, fitness into people's vision, has been the community's concern and support. In the promotion of the national fitness at the same time, enhance the people's physique and the health development of science and technology become the focus of the work. The effects of exercise on all aspects of human being more and more academic attention. Nowadays people definition of health is not limited to physical health, but more to promote physical and mental health. The relationship between the body and the mind are inseparable. Physical exercise is closely related to people's health. It has positive effects on physical exercise field more and more diversified in recent years. The related research, the effects of exercise on psychological activities into people's sight. Study on the relationship between exercise and cognitive psychology by scholars more and more attention of most. Research shows exercise on cognitive, emotional, emotional and other aspects of the positive role, but there are few quantitative research between sport and working memory. A lot of research work related to memory and cognitive load, but the effect of exercise on working memory research is very few, and quantization is not strict, conclusions are not consistent. The existing research, research focused on the relationship between emotion and exercise, and exercise and have effects on the elderly cognitive function decline, the effect of exercise on cognitive function research is still relatively small, and the final experimental results for a study on the effect of exercise on working memory is more less. Therefore, based on the above, this study will try to explore the relationship between exercise and working memory experiment. This paper based on previous studies, in the framework of the movement to promote cognition,. We used the continuous computing breadth task and the de-de-de breadth task paradigm, that is, we investigated the changes of working memory in different cognitive load conditions.
In this study, college students as the subjects, randomly selected 65 undergraduate students of Inner Mongolia Normal University Institute of Physical Education (including 5 subjects invalid data), were randomly divided into six groups, the two group was the control group, the control group were high load and low load control group, others were experimental group, moderate intensity and high load group, moderate - small - strength low load group, high load group and low strength low load group. All subjects are the first working memory span tests before and after the rest of the experimental group control group, the corresponding intensity exercise time is 20 minutes. In this study, selected as a measure of heart rate and the monitoring exercise intensity standard, to exercise heart rate 150~160 times / min for moderate intensity exercise, to exercise heart rate 120~130 times / min for low intensity exercise. Exercise heart rate were required to start time interval, 15 minutes left and right after returning to the real. In the laboratory, the work memory span test was carried out again.
First, after exercise treatment, the scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group, and the difference between them was significant. The results of variance analysis showed that the main effect of exercise intensity was significant. It indicated that exercise had a promoting effect on working memory span.
Second, the performance of moderate intensity exercise, whether in high cognitive load group or low cognitive load group, is significantly better than that in low intensity exercise group. The result shows that moderate intensity exercise and less intensity exercise have a greater effect on working memory span.
Third, the main effect of cognitive load on working memory span is significant, which indicates that the difficulty degree of task has a significant effect on working memory. The more difficult task is, the more complex the working memory is, the worse the working memory span is.
Fourth, the variance analysis of cognitive load and exercise intensity shows that the interaction between exercise intensity and cognitive load is not significant, that is to say, there is no interaction between the two.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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