知觉闭合任务中错误记忆的启动效应：词效价和时间效应

发布时间：2018-03-28 00:38

本文选题：错误记忆　切入点：知觉闭合任务　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：错误记忆常常被认为是记忆的负面产物,以往研究多关注于错误记忆的影响因素和消极作用,然而近些年的研究表明错误记忆并非正确记忆的对立面,在某些认知相关的问题解决中具有积极作用。以大学生为被试,使用知觉闭合任务(PCT)结合DRM范式,对错误记忆的启动效应进行实证研究,并探讨了DRM词表不同的效价,有无再认任务和测验时间对实验结果的影响。实验一目的是探讨记忆类型和DRM词表的效价对被试完成知觉闭合任务成绩的影响,随机选取大学生被试34人,采用2(类型:错误记忆/正确记忆)×2(词的效价:中性词/负性词)被试内实验设计,因变量为知觉闭合任务中的反应时。结果显示:错误记忆在知觉闭合任务中的反应时显著快于正确记忆;项目类型主效应差异显著;负性词语在知觉闭合任务中的反应时显著快于中性词语。实验二随机选取88名大学生被试,采用2(再认任务:有/无)×2(词效价:中性词/负性词)×2(测验时间:即时/2周后)混合实验设计,其中再认任务的有无和测验时间为被试间变量,词效价为被试内变量,因变量为知觉闭合任务中的成绩(反应时),目的是排除再认任务中词语的呈现对实验结果的影响,并验证时间间隔的长短对不同效价的词性是否有交互作用以及上述实验变量的的改变对知觉闭合任务成绩的影响。研究结果表明:无论有无再认任务,DRM词表中负性效价词的在知觉闭合任务中的反应时均显著低于中性效价词语;无论在立即测验还是延时两周后测验,关键诱饵在知觉闭合任务中的反应时均显著快于学习项目的反应,延时两周测验对负性效价词的影响大于中性效价词语。主要得出以下结论:错误记忆比正确记忆在知觉闭合任务中有更好的启动效应,且无论被试是否接受再认任务,错误记忆的启动效果好于包含其他的项目类型,负性效价的词语在知觉闭合任务中的启动效果好于中性词语,结果支持关联激活理论;无论在立即测验还是延时两周后测验,关键诱饵在知觉闭合任务中的启动效果均好于其他项目类型;延时两周测验对负性效价词的影响相比中性效价词语更为明显。
[Abstract]:False memory is often considered a negative product of memory, previous studies pay more attention to the influence factors of false memory and negative effect, but recent studies show that false memory is not the correct memory on the opposite side, has a positive role in some cognitive to solve related problems. With college students as subjects, using perceptual closure task (PCT) according to the DRM paradigm, an empirical study on the priming effect on false memory, and discusses the different potency of DRM vocabulary recognition task, there is no impact on the experimental results and the test time. The purpose is to investigate effects of a titer of types of memory and DRM vocabulary for subjects completed perceptual closure task performance of college students were randomly selected. 34 subjects, with 2 (type: false memory / correct memory) * 2 (word valence: neutral words / negative words) within subjects design. The dependent variable is the perceptual closure task in response. The results show that the false memory response in the perceptual closure tasks significantly faster than the correct memory; the difference significant main effect of item type; negative words in response in the perceptual closure tasks significantly faster than neutral words. In experiment two, randomly selected 88 subjects, with 2 (recognition task: Yes / no) * 2 (word valence: neutral word / negative word) * 2 (test time: immediately after /2 weeks) mixed experimental design, the recognition task and the test time is between variables, the word was within subjects variables, the dependent variable is the performance in the task of perceptual closure (reaction the purpose is to eliminate the present), when the recognition task in terms of the impact on the experimental results, and verify whether the time interval of interaction and change the experimental variables on the perceptual closure task performance of potency of different parts of speech. The results show that: no matter whether there are any recognition Wu, negative words in the vocabulary of DRM in reaction to the perceptual closure task were significantly lower than that of neutral valence words; immediate or delayed test two weeks after the test, the key bait reaction in perceptual closure tasks in time was significantly faster than the learning project reaction, influence on negative words delay two week test is more than neutral words. The titer of the main draw the following conclusions: false memory than the correct memory task in a closed in perceptual priming effect better, and regardless of whether the subjects received recognition task, the false memory start effect is good to include other types of projects, the negative priming effect potency of words in the perceptual closure of the task better than neutral words, the results support association activation theory; immediate or delayed test two weeks after the test, the key bait in the priming effect of perceptual closure tasks are better than other types of projects; The effect of the delayed two week test on the negative valence words is more obvious than the neutral titer.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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