记忆生存加工优势的问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 11:13

本文选题：记忆　切入点：生存　出处：《西北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2007年,美国学者Nairne在进化心理学的功能分析视角下,首先提出了记忆的生存加工优势,即从生存角度出发对信息进行编码和学习,能够取得更好的记忆效果。后来的很多学者对这一现象进行了验证和进一步的研究,证明生存加工优势不能用任何已知的经典加工机制进行解释,是记忆系统的一个独特而强大的功能优势。本文在对已有相关研究进行总结的基础上,提出了四个可以进一步研究的问题,即记忆提取阶段的生存加工优势问题；本身即具有高生存效价的信息的记忆优势问题；短时信息加工的生存优势问题和中央执行系统的生存加工优势问题。本文以西北大学大一和大二的学生为被试,对上述问题进行了实证研究。第一个问题采用单因素两水平的被试间设计,考查生存情境下被试的提取效果是否优于对照情境；第二个问题采用单因素三水平的被试内设计,考查被试对远古生存相关词和现代生存相关词的记忆成绩是否高于生存无关词：第三个问题采用单因素两水平的被试间设计,考查生存情境下的被试在短时编码中取得的记忆效果是否好于对照情境；第四个问题通过抑制、转换和刷新三个子实验,考查生存情境下的被试实现中央执行功能的效率是否高于对照情境。其中,抑制和转换实验均为2(生存情境、对照情境)*2(同向线索、反向线索；不转换、转换)的混合设计,刷新实验为2(生存情境、对照情境)*3(刷新0次、刷新1次、刷新3次)的混合设计。通过研究结果,得出如下结论：第一,在相同的编码任务和无差异的反应时造成的相似的存储效果下,记忆的提取阶段表现出了生存加工优势。第二,记忆系统对远古生存相关词和现代生存相关词具有直接的记忆优势。第三,短时加工和中央执行系统不具有生存加工优势,生存加工优势主要体现在长时记忆而非短时或工作记忆中。第四,生存加工优势体现在记忆系统的整体机能而非部分机能中。
[Abstract]:In 2007, from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, American scholar Nairne first proposed the advantages of memory survival processing, that is, encoding and learning information from the perspective of survival. Many later scholars verified and further studied this phenomenon, proving that the advantages of survival processing could not be explained by any known classical processing mechanism. It is a unique and powerful functional advantage of memory system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research, this paper puts forward four problems that can be further studied, namely, the survival processing advantage problem in memory extraction stage, the memory advantage problem of information with high survival efficiency, and the memory advantage problem of information with high survival efficiency. The survival advantage of short-time information processing and the survival-processing advantage of central executive system. This paper takes the freshmen and sophomores of Northwestern University as the subjects to make an empirical study on the above questions. The first question is designed with single factor and two levels to examine whether the extraction effect of the subjects in the survival situation is better than that in the control situation. The second question was designed with single factor and three levels, and the results of memory of ancient survival related words and modern survival related words were higher than those of survival unrelated words. The third question was designed between subjects with single factor and two levels. In order to find out whether the memory effect of the subjects in the survival situation was better than that in the control situation, the fourth question was tested by restraining, converting and refreshing three sub-experiments. In order to find out whether the efficiency of central executive function in survival situation was higher than that in control situation, the inhibition and conversion experiments were all 2 (survival situation, contrast situation, reverse clue; no conversion, conversion). The refresh experiment was a mixed design of 2 (survival situation, control situation) (refresh 0 times, refresh 1 time, refresh 3 times). Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:. First, under the same coding task and the similar storage effect caused by the same response time, the memory extraction stage shows the advantage of survival processing. Second, memory system has direct memory advantages for ancient existential related words and modern existential related words. Third, short time processing and central execution system do not have survival processing advantages, survival processing advantages are mainly reflected in long term memory, not short term or working memory. Fourth, survival and processing advantages are embodied in the overall function of the memory system rather than in the partial function.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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