时间知觉的主观信心：自我一致模型的检验

发布时间：2018-03-31 09:26

本文选题：主观信心　切入点：自我一致　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们在给出问题的答案之后,往往需要评估其答案的正确性,这时候会涉及回答者的主观信心。主观信心的自我一致模型认为,主观信心是一种元认知,类似于知道感,不同的是,知道感是一种前瞻性的信心评估,而主观信心则是一种回溯性的信心评估；对某个项目的答案信心评级越高,以后对该项目做出相同答案的可能性(重复率)就越高。主观信心与项目一致性、项目共识和选择潜伏期密切相关。项目一致性即被试内一致性。总体上,主观信心与项目一致性呈正相关,与正确率的关系分三种情况：当一致性的答案是正确的时,主观信心与正确率呈正相关；当一致性的答案是错误的时,二者呈负相关：当一致性倾向不明显时(在二选一的实验任务中,对两个选项的选择次数相当),主观信心与正确率相关很低或者不相关。项目共识即被试间共识。总体上,主观信心均值与共识呈正相关,与正确率的关系也分三种情况：当共识的答案是正确的时,主观信心与正确率呈正相关；当共识的答案是错误的时,二者呈负相关；当共识倾向不明显时(在二选一的实验任务中,对两个选项的选择次数相当),主观信心与正确率相关很低或者不相关。选择潜伏期即反应时。总体上,选择潜伏期与主观信心、项目一致性、项目共识呈负相关。时间知觉包括时距知觉和时序知觉。时间概念往往是由空间概念隐喻而来的,而自我一致模型在多个领域中(包括空间知觉)得到了验证,那么,在时间知觉中是否适用呢?本文拟对此问题进行探讨,包括两个实验。实验一采用时距比较任务,探讨被试对1s左右的实时距(880ms、920ms、960ms、1040ms、1080ms、1120ms)长短的知觉。结果表明：(1) blockl中对某个项目的信心评级和反应时等级都与随后对该项目的反应(重复率)相关不显著。(2)信心与项目一致性相关不显著,反应时与项目一致性相关也不显著。(3)对于一致正确和一致错误项目,都是正确答案的信心显著高于错误答案的信心,答案的信心与其正确性呈显著正相关。(4)共识反应的信心显著高于不共识反应的信心,共识反应的反应时短于不共识反应的反应时但不显著。(5)对于正确共识项目,正确答案的信心显著高于错误答案的信心,在该类项目中,信心与正确性呈显著正相关。实验二采用时序比较任务,探讨被试对时序(先或后30ms、40ms、50ms)的知觉。结果表明：(1) blockl的信心评级与重复率相关显著,blockl的反应时等级与重复率相关不显著。(2)信心与项目一致性呈显著正相关,反应时与项目一致性呈显著负相关,一致(多数)反应的信心显著高于不一致(少数)反应的信心,一致反应的反应时短于不一致反应的反应时但不显著。(3)对于一致正确项目,正确答案的信心显著高于错误答案的信心,信心与正确性呈正相关；对于一致错误项目,错误答案的信心高于正确答案的信心但不显著。对于一致正确项目,正确答案的反应时比错误答案的反应时要短,而对于一致错误项目,错误答案的反应时比正确答案的反应时要短,但差异都不显著。(4)共识反应的信心显著高于不共识反应的信心；共识反应的反应时短于不共识反应的反应时,但差异不显著。(5)在反应时中,正确性的主效应显著；对于正确共识项目,正确答案的反应时短于错误答案的反应时,但差异不显著；而对于错误共识项目,正确答案的反应时显著短于错误答案的反应时。综上所述,本研究得出以下结论： (1)在时序知觉中,blockl的信心评级与重复率相关显著,而在时距知觉中二者相关不显著。 (2)在时序知觉中,信心与项目一致性呈显著正相关,反应时与项目一致性呈显著负相关；而在时距知觉中信心、反应时与项目一致性相关都不显著。 (3)在时距知觉和时序知觉中,对于一致正确项目,正确答案的信心显著高于错误答案的信心,在该类项目中信心与正确性显著正相关。 (4)在时距知觉和时序知觉中,共识(多数)反应的信心显著高于不共识(少数)反应的信心,共识反应的反应时短于不共识反应的反应时但差异不显著。 (5)在时距知觉中,对于正确共识项目,正确答案的信心显著高于错误答案的信心,信心与正确性呈显著正相关,而在时序知觉中则不然。 (6)主观信心的自我一致模型在时间知觉中不完全成立,而且在时序知觉和时距知觉中的结果也不同。
[Abstract]:After people answer the question correctly, often need to evaluate the answer, this time will involve subjective confidence. Respondents believed that self consistent model of subjective confidence, subjective confidence is a kind of cognitive, similar to what the feeling is different, that sense is a forward-looking assessment of confidence, and the subjective confidence is the confidence of a retrospective evaluation of a project; answer confidence rating is high, after the possibility to make the same answer to the project (repetition rate) is higher.
The subjective confidence and consistency of the project, project selection and consensus are closely related. The consistency of project incubation was in consistency. On the whole, the consistency of subjective confidence was positively associated with the project, and the correct rate of the three situations: when the consistent answer is correct, positive subjective confidence and accuracy related; when the consistency of the answer is wrong, the two were negatively correlated: when the consistency tendency is not obvious (in one of two experimental tasks, the two choices for the number of times), subjective confidence and accuracy is very low. Related or not related to the project agreement between subjects of consensus. Overall, positive subjective confidence and consensus correlation relationship with the mean, the correct rate is also divided into three situations: when the consensus answer is correct, positive subjective confidence and accuracy; when the consensus answer is wrong, negatively related to two; when consensus When the tendency is not obvious (in one of two experimental tasks, the two choices for the number of times), subjective confidence and accuracy related or not related to very low latency. Choice reaction time. In general, selection of latency and subjective confidence, project consistency, negatively related to project agreement.
Time perception including duration perception and perception. The concept of time sequence is often from the spatial metaphor to the self consistent model in many fields (including space perception) has been verified, so it is applicable in time perception? This paper intends to discuss this issue, including two experiments.
Using the time comparison experiment was conducted to investigate the real-time tasks, from about 1s (880ms, 920ms, 960ms, 1040ms, 1080ms, 1120ms) the length of perception. The results showed that: (1) the blockl of a project on the confidence rating and response level of the project and the subsequent reaction (repetition rate no significant correlation). (2) the consistency of confidence associated with the project is not significant, reaction time and project consistency is not significant. (3) for correct and consistent error, is the correct answer to the confidence is significantly higher than that of a false answer confidence, showed a significant positive correlation with confidence. The correct answer (4) consensus reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consensus reaction confidence, consensus reaction time is shorter than the reaction time of no consensus but not significant. (5) for the correct consensus project, the correct answer to the confidence is significantly higher than that of wrong answers to the confidence in the project, confidence and positive There is a significant positive correlation between accuracy and accuracy.
Experiment two used sequence comparison task, was conducted to investigate the timing (before or after 30ms, 40ms, 50ms) perception. The results showed that: (1) blockl confidence rating and repetition rate were significantly related to blockl, the response level and repetition rate is not significantly correlated. (2) was significantly positively related to consistency and confidence the project, reaction time and project consistency was negatively correlated, consistent (most) reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consistent (minority) reaction confidence, consistent reaction time is shorter than the reaction time inconsistent but not significant. (3) for the right project, the right answer confidence was significantly higher than that of the wrong answer confidence, confidence and correct errors for positive; wrong answers to the project, confidence is higher than the correct answer but confidence is not significant. For the right project, the right answer response than wrong answers to the reaction time is shorter, and for errors The project, wrong answer response than the correct answer to short reaction time, but the difference is not significant. (4) the consensus reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consensus reaction confidence; consensus reaction time is shorter than the non consensus reaction, but the difference was not significant. (5) in the reaction time. The main effect of correctness is significant; for the correct consensus project, the correct answer to the wrong answer, short reaction time reaction, but the difference was not significant; but for the wrong consensus projects, the correct answer to the reaction time was significantly shorter in the wrong answers to the reaction time.
To sum up, this study draws the following conclusions:
(1) in timing perception, the confidence rating of blockl has a significant correlation with the repetition rate, but there is no significant correlation between the two of the time distance perception.
(2) in temporal perception, confidence is positively correlated with item consistency. There is a significant negative correlation between reaction time and item consistency. However, there is no significant correlation between confidence and reaction time and item consistency in temporal perception.
(3) in temporal perception and temporal perception, the confidence of correct answers is significantly higher than that of wrong answers. In such projects, confidence is positively correlated with correctness.
(4) in temporal perception and temporal perception, the confidence of consensus (majority) is significantly higher than that of non consensus (minority) reaction. The response time of consensus response is shorter than that of non consensus reaction, but the difference is not significant.
(5) in temporal perception, the confidence of the correct answer is significantly higher than that of the wrong answer for the correct consensus items, and confidence is positively correlated with correctness, but not in temporal perception.
(6) the self consistency model of subjective confidence is not completely established in time perception, and the results in temporal perception and temporal perception are also different.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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