公正世界信念的自动激活—来自眼动的证据

发布时间：2018-04-13 07:10

本文选题：公正世界信念 + 逆公正世界信念　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当面对遭遇不幸的好人时，人们应该同情并帮助他们，但在现实生活中，有时情况却恰恰相反，人们会排斥或者贬损这些无辜受害者。为了解释这一现象，Lerner提出了公正世界信念，即人们相信这个世界是公正的，每个人得其所应得，人们排斥或者贬损无辜受害者就是为了维持这一信念，每个个体都有相信这个世界是公正的需要。公正世界信念的基本含义是“好人有好报，坏人有坏报”，但它还存在着另一层含义——“得到好报的都是好人，得到坏报的都是坏人”，本研究称其为“逆公正世界信念”。本文的目的是为了验证在东方文化下，公正世界信念和逆公正世界信念在情景展开的过程中，是否会自动激活，影响人们的预期。为了能够较为直接和准确的验证实验的假设，本研究使用了眼动研究中的视觉情景范式。视觉情景范式具有高度的敏感性，它允许情景展开的同时，对视觉目标物间的注视偏向进行内隐地、逐步地分析。而且眼动研究可以捕捉人们无意识的眼球运动，其收集的数据较少受到人们意识的控制。实验一使用视觉情景范式探查了他人的道德品质能否影响人们对其应得好坏结果的预期，从而验证公正世界信念的自动激活。结果表明，在故事情境还未展开时，被试依据所呈现的实验文字，产生了与公正世界信念相一致的预期，好人情景组被试偏向于注视好结果，坏人情景组被试偏向于注视坏结果。在故事情境展开而结果还未明确之前，被试再次产生了与公正世界信念相一致的预期，表现出了相应的注视偏向。实验二也采用视觉情景范式探查他人所得结果是否会影响人们对其道德品质的判断，，从而验证逆公正世界信念的自动激活。结果表明，在情景展开的过程中，好结果组和坏结果组在对好/坏道德品质的注视上无显著性差异，被试没有即时地产生与逆公正世界信念相一致的预期。综合讨论了两个实验的研究结果之后，得出了以下结论：（1）在情景展开的过程中，东方人的公正世界信念会自动激活，人们会形成与公正世界信念相一致的预期，期待好人获得好结果，坏人获得坏结果；（2）在情景展开的过程中，逆公正世界信念未得到即时激活，他人的所得结果没有立即影响到人们对其道德品质的判断。
[Abstract]:People should sympathize with and help the unfortunate good people when faced with them, but in real life, sometimes it is the opposite, people will reject or derogate the innocent victims.In order to explain this phenomenon, Lerner proposed the belief that the world is just, that everyone deserves it, and that people reject or denigrate innocent victims in order to maintain that belief.Every individual has the need to believe that the world is just.The basic meaning of the belief in the just world is "good people have good returns, bad people have bad results", but it also has another meaning-"good people get good returns, bad people get bad results", which is called "contrary to the belief in the just world".The purpose of this paper is to verify whether the belief in the just world and the belief against the just world will be activated automatically in the process of development of the scene under the oriental culture, which will affect people's expectations.In order to verify the hypothesis of the experiment directly and accurately, the visual scene paradigm of eye movement research was used in this study.The visual scene paradigm is highly sensitive, which allows the scene to be unfolded while the fixation bias between the visual objects is analyzed implicitly and step by step.Eye movement studies can capture unconscious eye movements, and the data collected are less controlled by people's consciousness.In experiment one, the visual situational paradigm was used to explore whether the moral character of others could affect people's expectation of good or bad results, so as to verify the automatic activation of belief in the just world.The results showed that, before the story situation unfolded, the subjects had the expectation consistent with the belief in the fair world according to the experimental text presented, and the subjects in the good person situation group tended to focus on the good results.The bad guys tended to look at the bad results.Before the story situation unfolded and the results were not clear, the participants again produced expectations consistent with the belief in the just world, showing a corresponding fixation bias.Experiment two also uses the visual situation paradigm to explore whether the results obtained by others will affect people's judgment of their moral quality and thus verify the automatic activation of beliefs against the just world.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the good result group and the bad result group on the good / bad moral quality during the development of the situation, and the participants did not immediately produce expectations consistent with the belief in the unjust world.After a comprehensive discussion of the results of the two experiments, the following conclusions are drawn:(1) in the process of developing the scene, the eastern people's belief in the fair world will be activated automatically, and people will form expectations consistent with the belief in the just world, expecting good people to get good results and bad people to get bad results;(2) in the process of developing the situation, the belief in the world against justice was not immediately activated, and the results obtained by others did not immediately affect people's judgment of their moral quality.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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