面孔材料学习判断中本族效应的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 07:53

本文选题：学习判断 + 学习判断等级　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：学习判断(Judgment of Learning,简称JOL)是学习者对已经学习过的项目在未来要进行的测验中的成绩进行的一种预估和判断,它是学习者对自身信息加工过程的元认知监控。学习判断等级是学习者对自身成绩的主观预测,反映了学习者对自身信息加工过程效率的信心;学习判断准确性是学习者对成绩的主观预测与其实际测试成绩之间的一致性,反映了学习者对自身信息加工过程进行监测的能力。本族效应(own-race effect,ORE)是Feingold在关于面孔识别的研究中发现的一种特殊效应,意指在面孔信息加工过程中,个体对本族面孔的再认成绩总是优于不熟悉的异族面孔的再认成绩。本族效应的普遍性在客体记忆研究中已经得到许多研究的支持,而关于其对元认知的影响则鲜有研究。本研究关注的主要问题是在元水平上的认知加工过程(学习判断)中是否也存在本族效应,它是否会受到客体水平信息加工方式的影响。为此,本研究设计了三个行为实验,分别从元认知监测(学习判断)是否会受到本族效应的影响、客体水平的知觉加工深度和加工方式是否会影响元水平监测中的本族效应等方面对面孔材料学习判断中的本族效应存在的普遍性及其影响机制等进行研究,旨在揭示客体水平的认知加工与元认知加工之间的联系。本研究包括三个实验,实验一以中德两国人为被试,探讨不同种族被试对面孔材料记忆及其监测(学习判断)是否存在本族效应;实验二以国内在校大学生为被试,探讨知觉加工水平对面孔材料记忆及其监测(学习判断)中本族效应的影响;实验三同样以国内在校大学生为被试,探讨知觉加工方式对面孔材料记忆及其监测(学习判断)中本族效应的的影响。研究结果发现:(1)中国被试对黄种人面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级要显著高于对白种人面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级;同样,德国被试对白种人面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级要显著高于对黄种人面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级,被试种族间无显著差异。(2)在深层知觉加工水平下,被试对本族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级要显著高于对异族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级;在浅层知觉加工水平下,被试对本族面孔材料的学习成绩与对异族面孔材料的学习成绩无显著差异,而对本族面孔材料的学习判断等级却要显著高于异族面孔的学习判断等级。(3)在正置面孔加工条件下,被试对本族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级要显著高于对异族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级;在倒置面孔加工条件下,被试对本族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级与对异族面孔材料的学习成绩和学习判断等级无显著差异。(4)在所有实验中,学习判断准确性均未表现出本族效应。基于以对上研究结果的分析可以得到以下结论:1.中国被试和德国被试在面孔材料的实际成绩和学习判断等级中均出现了本族效应。即在客体水平的信息加工和元认知监测中都出现了本族效应。2.在面孔材料深层知觉加工水平上,被试的实际成绩和学习判断等级中均出现了本族效应;在浅层知觉加工水平上,被试的实际成绩中未出现本族效应,学习判断等级上出现了本族效应,这表明,相对于其实际学习成绩而言,学习判断中的本族效应更易受知觉加工水平的影响。3.在正置面孔加工条件下,被试的实际成绩和学习判断等级中均出现了本族效应;倒置面孔加工条件下,无论是实际成绩还是学习判断等级都没有出现本族效应,这说明加工方式对学习判断中的本族效应具有显著影响。4.相对于学习判断等级而言,学习判断准确性反映的是一种更为稳定的元认知监测能力。
[Abstract]:The judgment of learning (Judgment of Learning, referred to as JOL) is a kind of estimate and judge of learners has been studied in the project in the future to carry out the test results, it is learners for their own information processing process of meta cognitive monitoring is subjective judgments of learning. To predict their performance reflects the learners. The learners' confidence in their own information processing efficiency; learning accuracy is consistency between the learner and the actual results of subjective forecast test scores, reflects the learner's ability to monitor their process of information processing. The effect of (own-race effect ORE) is a kind of special effect was found in Feingold about face recognition of means in face information processing, the individual of the family face recognition performance is always better than not familiar with the alien face recognition performance. The effect of the family General in the object in memory research has been a lot of research support, and its effects on metacognition is rare. The main concern of this study is a cognitive process in the meta level (learning judgment) whether the existence of the family effect, whether it will be influenced by the level of information processing object. Therefore, this study designed three experiments, respectively from the metacognitive monitoring (learning judgment) will be affected the family effect, whether the object level of perceptual processing depth and may affect the family effect yuan level monitoring in such aspects as the face material to learn the family effect in judgment the universality and its influence mechanism, between the cognitive and metacognitive processing in order to reveal the object level link. This study includes three experiments, experiment with Sino German subjects, Study of different races were tested on the face material memory and monitoring (learning judgment) the existence of the family effect; in experiment two domestic university students were tested to investigate the perceived level of processing materials and monitoring of facial memory (learning judgment) influence the family effect; experiment three also to domestic college students as subjects, to explore perceptual processing mode to facial material memory and monitoring (learning judgment) influence the family effect. The results showed that: (1) China subjects learning achievements and judgment on the yellow face of material should be significantly higher than that of learning achievements and judgment of white face material; similarly, Germany was try learning achievements and judgment of white face material was significantly higher than the learning achievements and judgment on the yellow face material, was no significant difference between the experimental group (2) in the deep. Layer perception level, subjects learning achievements and judgment of the family face material was significantly higher than the grades and judgments of learning on the alien face material; in the shallow level of perceptual processing, the subjects of the family face material grades and of mixed surface porous materials without significant achievement differences in judgments of learning and judgments of learning of the family faces materials is significantly higher than that of other race faces. (3) in the face processing conditions, the subjects of learning results and judgments of learning of the family face material should be significantly higher than scores and judgments of learning on the alien face material; in inverted face processing conditions, is no significant difference of learning results and judgments of learning to the family face material and of mixed face material grades and judgments of learning. (4) in all experiments, The accuracy of JOL did not show the race effect. Analysis of the research results in the following conclusions can be obtained: 1. based on Chinese subjects and subjects of the German race effect appeared in the face of the material performance and the judgment of learning hierarchy. In the information processing and metacognitive monitoring object level appears in the effect of.2. in the face of family material deep perception processing level, there are subjects of the actual achievement and judgments of learning of the ethnic effect; in the shallow level of perception, the family did not effect the actual achievement of subjects in the study appeared in the family effect, which indicates that the level of judgment compared with the actual, learning achievement, the cluster effect in judgment of learning is more easily affected by.3. levels in perceptual processing is set to face processing conditions, is the actual achievement and judgments of learning occurred in this group; Inverted face processing conditions, both the actual results or judgments of learning are not native effect, the processing method has a significant effect on.4. relative to the level of the judgment of learning effect in judgment of learning, learning accuracy reflects a more stable ability of metacognitive monitoring.

【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.3

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