认知重评对负性信息注意偏向的影响

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:16

本文选题：积极重评 + 分离重评　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当个体处于负性情绪时,由于情绪一致性效应的影响,个体会优先注意负性信息,从而引发负性情绪,继而加剧负性信息注意偏向,由此形成恶性循环。这反映了个体自上而下的情绪调节能力的缺失。根据注意偏向整合模型,在策略加工阶段进行的情绪调节有助于个体缓解负性信息注意偏向,引起注意回避。因此,本研究旨在考察认知重评这一适应性的情绪调节策略对负性信息注意偏向的影响,并从认知重评的子策略即积极重评、分离重评和有意识、无意识层面多角度地研究认知重评对负性信息注意偏向的影响,为其改善提供启发。本研究包括两个实验。实验一设计为2(线索一致性:线索一致、线索不一致)×3(认知重评组别:有意识积极重评、有意识分离重评、控制组)的混合实验设计,探究有意识认知重评对负性信息注意偏向的影响。实验通过直接呈现积极重评或分离重评指导句子的方式引导被试在观看负性图片时调节情绪,然后进行点探测的注意偏向任务。结果显示:有意识积极重评和分离重评显著降低被试的负性情绪,在点探测任务中,这两个组别的被试的不一致反应时快于一致反应时,表明对负性信息出现注意回避,将注意转向中性信息;相反,情绪启动后,控制组被试的负性情绪显著提高,在点探测任务中,被试的一致反应时快于不一致反应时,出现对负性信息的注意偏向,表现为注意解离困难;实验二设计为2(线索一致性:线索一致、线索不一致)×3(认知重评组别:无意识积极重评、无意识分离重评、控制组),探究无意识认知重评对负性信息注意偏向的影响。实验通过句子整理任务启动被试的无意识积极重评和分离重评目标,引导被试在观看负性图片时进行情绪调节,然后进行点探测的注意偏向任务。结果显示:无意识积极重评和无意识分离重评显著降低被试的负性情绪,在点探测任务中,这两个组别的被试的不一致反应时快于一致反应时,表明对负性信息出现注意回避,将注意转向中性信息;相反,情绪启动后,控制组被试的负性情绪显著提高,在点探测任务中,被试的一致反应时快于不一致反应时,出现对负性信息的注意偏向,表现为注意解离困难。研究结论:(1)有意识积极重评和有意识分离重评能有效降低被试的负性情绪,并引起负性信息的注意回避,将注意转移到中性信息;(2)无意识积极重评和无意识分离重评能有效降低被试的负性情绪,并引起负性信息的注意回避,将注意分配到中性信息;(3)负性情绪启动后,有意识和无意识控制组被试的负性情绪显著提高,并引起负性信息的注意偏向,表现为注意解离困难。(4)通过直接呈现积极重评和分离重评指导句子的方式能有效调节被试的负性情绪。
[Abstract]:When the individual is in the negative emotion, because of the influence of the emotional consistency effect, the individual will pay attention to the negative information first, thus causes the negative emotion, and then intensifies the negative information attention bias, thus forms the vicious circle.This reflects the loss of the individual's ability to regulate emotions from the top down.According to the model of attention bias integration, emotional regulation in the strategy processing stage helps individuals to alleviate negative information attention bias and cause attention avoidance.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotional regulation strategy, on negative information attention bias, and to divide the cognitive reappraisal strategy into active reappraisal strategy and conscious reassessment strategy.The influence of cognitive reassessment on attention bias of negative information is studied from many angles of unconscious level, which provides inspiration for its improvement.This study includes two experiments.Experiment 1 was designed as a hybrid experimental design of 2 (cue-consistency: cue-consistent, cue-inconsistent) 脳 3 (cognitive reassessment group: conscious positive reassessment, conscious separation reevaluation, control group).To explore the impact of conscious cognitive reassessment on negative information attention bias.The experiment led the subjects to adjust their emotions when looking at the negative picture by directly presenting positive reevaluation or separating the reassessment to guide the subjects to do the attention bias task of point detection.The results showed that conscious positive reassessment and separation reassessment significantly reduced the negative emotion of the subjects. In the point detection task, the inconsistent reaction time of the two groups was faster than that of the consistent response, which indicated that attention avoidance appeared to the negative information.Turning attention to neutral information; on the contrary, the negative emotion of the control group increased significantly after the emotion started. In the point detection task, the consistent response time of the subjects was faster than that of the inconsistent response, and the attention bias to the negative information appeared.Experiment 2 was designed as 2 (clue consistency: clue consistency, cues inconsistent) 脳 3 (cognitive reappraisal group: unconscious positive reappraisal, unconscious separation reappraisal),Control group to explore the impact of unconscious cognitive reassessment on negative information attention bias.In the experiment, the subjects' unconscious positive reappraisal and separation reevaluation were initiated by sentence sorting task, and the subjects were guided to adjust their emotion while watching the negative picture, and then the attention bias task of point detection was carried out.The results showed that unconscious positive reassessment and unconscious separation reassessment significantly reduced the negative emotion of the subjects. In the point detection task, the inconsistent reaction time of the subjects in these two groups was faster than that of the consistent response, which indicated that attention avoidance appeared to the negative information.Turning attention to neutral information; on the contrary, the negative emotion of the control group increased significantly after the emotion started. In the point detection task, the consistent response time of the subjects was faster than that of the inconsistent response, and the attention bias to the negative information appeared.It is shown by the difficulty of paying attention to dissociation.Conclusion: 1) conscious positive reassessment and conscious separation reassessment can effectively reduce the negative emotion of the subjects and cause the attention avoidance of negative information.Transferring attention to neutral information (2) unconscious positive reappraisal and unconscious separation reappraisal can effectively reduce the negative emotion of the subjects and cause the attention avoidance of the negative information, and distribute the attention to the neutral information 3) after the negative emotion is started.In the conscious and unconscious control groups, the negative emotion was significantly increased, and the attention bias of the negative information was induced.It can effectively regulate the negative emotion of the subjects by directly presenting positive re-evaluation and separating re-evaluation to guide the sentences.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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