名利博弈的心理机制及阶层效应

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:37

本文选题：名利博弈 + 工具性价值　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：名利博弈是单次互动中名望与社会利益不可兼得的情况下的一种社会决策。在名利博弈中,获取名望的行为倾向背后具有获取社会性价值与工具性价值两种不同的动机。社会性价值是指名望表面上所具有的被人尊敬、认同的程度,它通过提升个体在群体中的位置乃至获取某些心理收益来发挥作用。工具性价值则是指名望在深层次上向他人展现出的与自己合作可以带来的潜在价值。它通过提升自己在拥有资源的他人眼中所体现的合作价值来获取他人的青睐,并使获得名望者从未来他人赋予的合作机会中获利。名望的社会性价值已经得到一定的论证,而名望的工具性价值以及二者之间的关系却未得到关注。在此基础上,有关领域的研究通常关注社会阶层对名望及类似收益的获取的影响,即阶层效应,并显示出社会阶层在决策中对两种价值的影响,但尚未结合名利博弈的框架在名利博弈的主题下进行深入的挖掘。对此,本研究首先对名利博弈静态的路径及其特征进行检验,并在此基础上从动态的阶层间名利博弈以及对名利博弈的阶层效应进行初步解释。在研究1中首先对作为名望的工具性价值的理论基础的竞争性利他的研究进行元分析。在元分析的基础上在实验1中通过两个实验检验未来利益存在与否对名望获取倾向的影响。在实验1对名望工具性价值的初步验证的基础上,在实验2和实验3中分别在自然状态和短-长决策时间下,在固定特定身份名望所具有的工具性价值的同时变化其社会性价值水平,考察名望的工具性价值与社会性价值的交换代价。结果表明竞争性利他具有中等程度的效应量;在有未来利益的情况下人们倾向于获取名望,名望的工具性价值存在;工具性价值在自然状态下的相对价值远低于社会性价值,但是在经过理性思考后的相对价值得到提升。在研究2中结合研究1的结果对名利博弈中存在的阶层效应来源进行分析。首先在实验4中操纵被试的社会阶层,考察不同阶层者与不同阶层者配对时在名利博弈中的决策倾向。进一步在实验5中使用抽象的社会等级代替社会阶层的操纵,从社会阶层中分离由社会等级带来的影响。最后,在实验6中操纵名望的工具性价值存在与否,进一步分离实验4中各阶层者获取名望的动机来源。结果表明高阶层者倾向于获取名望,而低阶层者倾向于获取金钱;在名利博弈中高阶层者面对高阶层者时倾向于获取金钱,面对低阶层者时倾向于获取名望。高阶层者的博弈策略以能获利为导向,这一倾向来自于等级本身,且工具性价值在其中发挥作用。低阶层者面对高阶层者时倾向于获取名望,面对低阶层者时倾向于获取金钱,低阶层者的博弈策略以自身需求为导向。这一倾向来自于阶层身份的激活,工具性价值在其中发挥作用有限。本研究结果初步证明了名望的工具性价值存在并比较了工具性价值与社会性价值二者之间重要性的差异以及在决策中的变化模式。在此基础上进一步深入分析了名利博弈中存在的阶层效应,区分出高、低阶层者在名利博弈中所使用的策略及其来源,以及在其中可能起到主导作用的路径。
[Abstract]:Fair game is a kind of social decision-making fame and social interests can not have both the single interaction. The fame in the game, has obtained the value of social value and the tool two different motives behind obtaining fame behavior. Social value refers to fame on the surface has been respected. The degree of identity, it is by improving the position of individual in the group and get some psychological benefits to play a role. The instrumental value refers to the potential value of fame show at a deeper level to others and their cooperation. It can bring up their own resources embodied in the eyes of others to the value of cooperation get the favor of others, and to obtain fame to profit from others with opportunities for cooperation in the future. The social value of fame has been a demonstration, and the instrumental value of fame and two The relationship between did not get attention. On this basis, the research in the related fields usually focus on the influence of social class to obtain fame and similar benefits, namely class effect, and shows the influence of social class on the two kinds of value in making a decision, but not with the framework of fair game in-depth mining in the fame game under the theme. In this regard, this study first path and characteristics of the fame game static test, and based on the dynamic game between class and fame class effect on fair game were preliminarily explained. Meta analysis in the study of competitive altruism the first theoretical basis for instrumental value on the 1 as.. based on the analysis of element in Experiment 1 through two experiments to test the future interests with or get fame tendency. In Experiment 1 of the instrumental value of early fame Based on the verification step, in Experiment 2 and 3 respectively in the state of nature and the short long time of decision, and has the tool value in the specific fixed status change of the social value of the level of exchange cost, instrumental value and social value of fame. The results show that the competitive altruism has the effect of moderate amount; in the future interests of the people tend to acquire fame, fame of tool value; relative value under natural conditions is far lower than the social value, but after the relative value of rational thinking after getting promoted. In Study 2 combined with the results of study 1 to analyze the source class effect exists in the game of fame. First of all subjects in Experiment 4 manipulated social class, the effects of different class and different social stratum in matching decision making in the tendency of fair game In Experiment 5. Further manipulation using abstract classes instead of social class, separation effects brought by the social class from the social class. Finally, the instrumental value of experimental manipulation of fame 6 in the presence and absence of further experiments on the separation of classes 4 obtaining fame motivation. The results show that the high class people tend to acquire fame, and lower class people tend to get money at a high level; fair game in the face of high class people tend to get money, in the face of lower class people tend to acquire fame. Game strategy of high class people to profit oriented, this tendency from the class itself, and tools the value of which play a role in the low level. In the face of high class people tend to get fame, in the face of lower class people tend to get money, the game strategy of lower class people to their own demand. This propensity The activation from the social status, the value as a tool in which the role is limited. The results of this study proved the instrumental value of fame exists and the difference between the importance of changing patterns of instrumental value and social value of the two and in decision-making. Based on further in-depth analysis of the effect of fame class in the game, to distinguish, strategy and source of lower class people used in fame in the game, and in which the path may play a leading role.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】