人际责任与助人行为的关系：观点采择的调节作用

发布时间：2018-04-20 13:11

本文选题：人际责任 + 助人行为　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,助人行为的相关问题一直是社会讨论的焦点话题。助人行为指自愿为他人带来好处,带有一定的个人目的和利益倾向,而且也有益于社会的行为。影响助人行为的因素有很多,其中,人格因素是一个既重要却又容易被忽视的因素。已有的一些关于影响助人行为的人格因素的研究,都是基于对西方文化提出的人格因素,这些人格因素可能并不能完全解释人格与中国人助人行为之间的关系。因此,我们探讨了立足于中国文化的人格因素——人际责任与助人行为的关系;此外,根据强情境假设,我们进一步提出了人格与助人行为的情境调节模型,即在不同的观点采择情境下,人际责任与助人行为的关系存在差异。我们设计了三个研究来探讨上述问题。研究一初步探索人际责任与助人行为的关系,对149名在校大学生进行调查。结果显示:人际责任与助人意愿(r=0.31,p0.001)和助人次数(r=0.27,p0.001)呈显著正相关。表明:高人际责任者更可能做出助人行为。研究二引入观点采择情境来考察观点采择引导是否可以让低人际责任者也有更高的助人意愿,并愿意付出更多的助人时间。研究以196名在校大学生为对象,将其随机分为实验组(观点采择情境,101人)和控制组(无观点采择情境,95人)。结果显示:在助人意愿上,人际责任和观点采择情境的交互作用显著(b=-1.00,SE=0.26,t=-3.90,p0.01)。进一步简单斜率检验发现,在无观点采择的情境下,人际责任能够显著正向预测助人意愿(b=1.11,SE=0.19,t=5.78,p0.001);在观点采择情境下,人际责任对助人意愿的影响不显著(b=0.11,SE=0.17,t=0.64,p0.05)。在助人时间上,人际责任与观点采择情境的交互作用显著(b=-0.89,SE=0.39,t=-2.31,p0.05)。进一步简单斜率检验发现,在无观点采择的情境下,人际责任能够显著正向预测助人时间(b=0.95,SE=0.29,t=3.30,p0.01);在观点采择情境下,人际责任对助人时间的影响不显著(b=0.06,SE=0.26,t=0.24,p0.05)。这些结果提示:在无观点采择情境下,人际责任与助人意愿和助人时间呈显著正相关;在观点采择情境下,低人际责任者的助人意愿与助人时间达到了与高人际责任者类似的水平。研究三进一步细化观点采择的类型来考察其能否调节人际责任与助人意愿和助人时间之间的关系。首先通过问卷调查获取有效被试319名(均为在校大学生),将人际责任得分在前27%者划分为高分组,后27%者划分为低分组,分别邀请高低组来实验室参加实验。最终获取有效被试196人,将其随机分为技术观点采择组(62人)、认知观点采择组(67人)和情感观点采择组(67人)。结果显示:在助人意愿上,人际责任与观点采择类型的交互作用显著,F(2,190)=5.06,p0.01,η2=0.05。进一步简单效应分析发现,在技术观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组的助人意愿显著高于人际责任低分组,F(1,190)=21.16,p0.001,η2=0.10;在认知观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组的助人意愿显著高于人际责任低分组,F(1,190)=5.22,p0.05,η2=0.03;在情感观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组和低分组在助人意愿上差异不显著,F(1,190)=0.05,p=0.83,η2=.00。在助人次数上,人际责任和观点采择类型的交互作用显著,F(2,190)=4.51,p0.05,η2=0.05。进一步简单效应分析发现,在技术观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组的助人次数显著高于人际责任低分组,F(1,190)=22.25,p0.001,η2=0.11;在认知观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组的助人次数显著高于人际责任低分组,F(1,190)=6.70,p=0.01,η2=0.03;在情感观点采择条件下,人际责任高分组和低分组在助人次数上差异不显著,F(1,190)=0.36,p=0.55,η2=0.002。表明:在技术观点采择情境和认知观点采择情境下,人际责任与助人意愿和助人时间呈显著正相关;在情感观点采择情境下,低人际责任的助人意愿和助人时间达到了与高人际责任者类似的水平。本研究的结果提示:人际责任与助人行为(助人意愿和助人时间)的关系密切,并且受到观点采择情境的调节。即在观点采择情境下,特别是情感观点采择情境下,低人际责任者的助人行为可以达到高人际责任者的水平。这些结果为人际责任的培养和促进助人行为提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the related problems of the behavior of helping people have been the focus of social discussion. The behavior of helping people refers to the benefits of others, with certain personal and interest tendencies, and also beneficial to social behavior. There are many factors affecting the behavior of helping people, among which personality factors are both important and easily neglected factors. Some of the existing research on personality factors affecting the behavior of helping people are based on the personality factors of western culture. These personality factors may not fully explain the relationship between personality and Chinese help behavior. Therefore, we explore the personality factors based on Chinese culture, interpersonal and helping behavior. In addition, according to the hypothesis of strong situation, we further put forward a situational adjustment model of personality and helping behavior, that is, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and helping behavior is different in different view selection situations. We have designed three studies to explore the above problems. 149 college students surveyed. The results showed a significant positive correlation between interpersonal responsibility and r=0.31 (p0.001) and the number of AIDS (r=0.27, p0.001). 196 college students were randomly divided into experimental group (view selection situation, 101 people) and control group (95 people without view selection situation, 95 people). The results showed that the interaction between interpersonal responsibility and perspective selection situation was significant (b=-1.00, SE=0.26, t=-3.90, P0). .01). Further simple slope test shows that interpersonal responsibility can significantly positively predict helping people's will (b=1.11, SE=0.19, t=5.78, p0.001) in the situation without perspective selection (b=1.11, SE=0.19, t=5.78, p0.001). In the context of view selection, interpersonal responsibility has no significant influence on the willingness of helping people (b=0.11, SE= 0.17, t=0.64, P0.05). The interaction of the environment was significant (b=-0.89, SE=0.39, t=-2.31, P0.05). Further simple slope test found that in the situation of no view selection, interpersonal responsibility could significantly positively predict helping time (b=0.95, SE=0.29, t=3.30, P0.01), and in the situation of view selection, the influence of human responsibility on the helping time was not significant (b=0.06, SE=0.26, t=0.24, P0.05). These results suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between interpersonal responsibility and the willingness to help and the time of helping people in the context of non view selection. Under the situation of view selection, the willingness and time of the low interpersonal responsibility are similar to those of the high interpersonal responsibility. Study three further refines the types of perspective selection to examine whether they can regulate people. The relationship between the inter responsibility and the willingness to help people and the time of helping people. First of all, 319 effective subjects were obtained by questionnaire survey (all were college students), and the scores of interpersonal responsibility were divided into high groups in the first 27%. The latter 27% were divided into low groups, and the high and low groups were invited to the laboratory to participate in the experiment. Finally, 196 effective subjects were obtained, and they were randomly divided into two groups. The results showed that the interaction of interpersonal responsibility and opinion selection type was significant in helping people's willingness, and F (2190) =5.06, P0.01, and ETA 2=0.05. were further analyzed by simple effect analysis, and the interpersonal responsibility group was highly grouped under the technical view selection condition. The willingness to help people was significantly higher than that of low interpersonal responsibility group, F (1190) =21.16, p0.001, and ETA 2=0.10. Under the condition of cognitive selection, interpersonal responsibility was significantly higher than the low interpersonal responsibility group, F (1190) =5.22, P0.05, and ETA 2=0.03. Under the emotional selection bar, the differences of interpersonal responsibility high group and low group were different in helping people's willingness. Significantly, F (1190) =0.05, p=0.83, and ETA 2=.00. have a significant interaction of interpersonal responsibility and view selection types. F (2190) =4.51, P0.05, and ETA 2=0.05. further simple effect analysis found that under the condition of technical view selection, the number of interpersonal responsibility high groups is significantly higher than that of low interpersonal responsibility group, F (1190) =22.25, p0.001, ETA 2. =0.11; under the condition of cognitive selection, the number of people with high interpersonal responsibility group was significantly higher than that of low interpersonal responsibility group, F (1190) =6.70, p=0.01, and ETA 2=0.03. Under the condition of emotional selection, there was no significant difference in the number of interpersonal responsibilities between high and low groups, and F (1190) =0.36, p=0.55, and ETA 2=0.002. showed that in technical view selection Under the situation of visual selection, interpersonal responsibility has a significant positive correlation with the willingness to help and the time of helping people. Under the situation of emotional selection, the willingness and time of the low interpersonal responsibility are similar to those of the high interpersonal responsibility. The results of this study suggest that the interpersonal responsibility and the helping behavior (help will and help the person time). In the context of the choice of views, especially in the situation of emotional selection, the behavior of the people with low interpersonal responsibility can reach the level of high interpersonal responsibility. These results provide a reference for the cultivation of interpersonal responsibility and the promotion of helping people.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848.4

【参考文献】