幼儿对卡通与真人面孔表情认知的行为和ERP比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 11:49

本文选题：幼儿 + 卡通面孔　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：面孔表情认知的能力在日常交往中至关重要,卡通在儿童日常生活中不可或缺,影响了幼儿认知和社会性发展。本研究采用行为方法和ERP技术,探究儿童对卡通和真人表情面孔进行加工的差异及其背后的脑机制。选取大班幼儿,以情绪类型(恐惧、生气、悲伤、高兴和平静)、面孔类型(卡通和真人)和被试性别作为自变量因素,使用不同的实验任务,考察这些因素对儿童表情标签和识别以及儿童卡通和真人面孔表情在注意和非注意条件下加工的ERP成分(如N170、N2、P2、LPC等)的潜伏期和波幅的影响。研究结果如下： (1)表情标签和识别任务的行为研究发现：幼儿对卡通面孔相较于真人面孔更具表情认知优势；6岁幼儿的面孔表情认知能力发展基本成熟,但面孔表情识别能力略优于标签能力,尤其是害怕情绪；幼儿对不同的面部表情认知存在差异,表情标签任务中表现为高兴生气平静悲伤恐惧,在表情识别任务中表现为高兴生气平静恐惧悲伤；幼儿对悲伤表情识别存在性别差异,女童存在优势。 (2)表情内隐加工任务(性别判断、目标刺激)的ERP研究发现：在早期加工阶段,卡通和真人面孔均能诱发N170,其中在性别判断任务中,真人面孔诱发的N170波幅显著大于卡通面孔,而在目标刺激任务中并无差异；在性别判断任务的晚期加工阶段,卡通面孔诱发的LPC平均波幅显著大于真人面孔,这提示卡通面孔作为一种艺术产物,被试在对其加工的晚期阶段调动了更多的心理资源。在两种表情内隐加工任务下,不同表情的面孔诱发的N170在潜伏期和幅值上均无明显差异,表明早期特异性脑电成分N170可能独立于面孔表情的情绪内容；P2成分受面孔表情的影响,卡通伤心表情的P2波幅最大。在性别判断任务下,真人面孔诱发的N2、LPC成分受表情的影响,伤心表情诱发了最大的N2成分,平静表情诱发了最大的LPC成分,提示幼儿对不同表情的面孔注意资源投入程度也不同；面孔加工诱发的N170具有半球优势,右半球显著大于左半球,且LPC呈现中央区的加工强度优势；性别差异均未达显著。同为内隐表情加工任务,但结论存在一定差异,提示在内隐条件下,任务本身性质会影响幼儿脑部对表情的加工。 (3)表情外显加工任务(表情判断、表情匹配)的ERP研究发现：在早期加工阶段,卡通和真人面孔均诱发了面孔敏感性成分N170,但真人面孔诱发的N170波幅大于卡通面孔；在晚期加工阶段,卡通面孔诱发的LPC平均波幅显著大于真人面孔,这提示卡通面孔和真人面孔加工的脑机制存在差异,在精细加工阶段,卡通面孔引起了被试更多的注意。在两种任务下,因未分离每种的具体表情(平静、高兴、伤心、害怕和生气),所以无法得出表情效应的结论：面孔加工诱发的N170未具有半球优势,而LPC呈现中央区的加工强度优势；各ERP成分下的性别差异均未达显著。结合两项研究结果,虽然表情匹配任务的难度比表情判断任务的大,但两者的结论较一致,这提示在外显加工条件下,实验任务以及任务难度的差异可能对幼儿脑部表情加工的影响不大。综上,本研究证实幼儿对真人与卡通面孔表情的认知及其背后的神经机制存在显著差异,研究结论表明：(1)幼儿对卡通面孔表情认知能力优于真人面孔,特别是悲伤、恐惧和平静表情,原因可能为卡通面孔的夸张的表情与简化的五官等表征更符合幼儿的认知发展水平；(2)幼儿对卡通与真人面孔加工的神经机制存在差异,对应于BruceYoung的面孔加工模型,在早期结构编码阶段,真人面孔的加工强度显著高于卡通面孔,提示幼儿对真人面孔的自动化加工程度更高,可能反应了其社会学意义；在晚期精细加工阶段,卡通面孔的加工强度显著高于真人面孔,提示卡通面孔对幼儿更具吸引力,使其投入了更多的注意资源；(3)内隐加工任务下,不同真人和卡通面孔表情所诱发的ERP成分存在显著差异,表明幼儿对面孔表情加工是自动化的；(4)6岁幼儿的面孔表情内隐与外显加工在面孔早期编码阶段差异不显著,在晚期的面孔精细加工阶段存在显著差异,提示表情外显加工深度高于内隐加工；(5)行为与ERP实验均表明,6岁幼儿对不同表情的识别能力发展不平衡,根据本研究的结果,使用卡通面孔作为表情学习的材料,将有助于促进幼儿表情认知能力的发展。
[Abstract]:In this study , behavioral and ERP techniques are used to explore the differences of children ' s cognitive and social development . The study uses behavioral methods and ERP techniques to explore the differences between children ' s processing of cartoon and human expression faces and the brain mechanisms behind them . The study uses behavioral approaches and ERP techniques to explore the effects of these factors on the latency and amplitude of children ' s facial expressions and identification , as well as the expressions of children ' s cartoon and human faces under the attention of attention and non - attention .

( 1 ) The behavioral research of facial expression label and recognition task found that children had more expressive cognitive advantage to cartoon face than the human face ;
The cognition ability of facial expression of 6 - year - old children is basically mature , but the ability of facial expression recognition is slightly better than that of label ability , especially fear emotion ;
Children ' s perception of different facial expressions is different , the expression of the expression label task is to be happy to be angry and calm sad fear , in the expression recognition task is happy to be angry and calm fear sad ;
There are gender differences in the infant ' s recognition of sad expression , and girls have the advantage .

( 2 ) The ERP study of implicit processing task ( gender judgment and target stimulation ) found that in the early processing stage , both cartoon and human faces could induce N170 , in which the N170 amplitude induced by human face was significantly larger than cartoon face in the task of sex determination , while there was no difference in the target stimulation task .
In the late processing stage of sex determination task , the LPC mean amplitude of cartoon face was significantly greater than that of human face , which suggested that cartoon face as an art product had been tested for more psychological resources during the advanced stage of processing .

Under the implicit processing task of the two expressions , the N170 induced by different facial expressions was not significantly different in latency and amplitude , indicating that the early specific EEG component N170 might be independent of the emotional content of the facial expression ;
The expression of N2 and LPC was influenced by facial expressions . The expression of N2 and LPC was influenced by facial expressions .
The N170 - induced N170 has a hemisphere dominance , and the right hemisphere is significantly larger than that of the left hemisphere , and LPC exhibits the advantage of processing intensity in the central area ;
There is no significant difference between sex difference and sex difference , but there is some difference between them , which suggests that under the condition of implicit implicit expression , the nature of the task can affect the processing of the expression in the brain of the infant .

( 3 ) The ERP study of facial expression processing task ( expression judgment and expression matching ) found that in the early processing stage , both cartoon and human faces evoked the surface sensitivity component N170 , but the N170 amplitude induced by human face was larger than that of cartoon face ;
During the advanced processing stage , the average amplitude of LPC in cartoon face was significantly greater than that of the real human face , which suggested that there was a difference between the cartoon face and the brain mechanism of human face processing . During the fine processing stage , the cartoon face caused more attention .

Under the two tasks , because each specific expression ( calm , happy , sad , scared and angry ) was not separated , it was impossible to conclude that the expression effect could not be concluded : the N170 induced by the face processing had no hemispherical dominance , while LPC presented the advantage of processing intensity in the central area ;
There is no significant difference in sex between ERP components . In combination with the results of two studies , although the difficulty of facial expression matching task is greater than that of expression judgment task , the conclusion is consistent , which suggests that the difference between experimental task and task difficulty may have little effect on children ' s brain expression processing under the condition of explicit processing .

The results show that : ( 1 ) The cognitive ability of children to cartoon face expression is superior to that of human face , especially sadness , fear and calm expression .
( 2 ) There is a difference between children ' s nerve mechanism of cartoon and human face processing , corresponding to Bruce Young ' s face processing model . In the early structural coding stage , the processing intensity of human face is significantly higher than that of cartoon face , which suggests that the automatic processing degree of human face is higher , which may reflect its sociological significance .
In the late stage of fine processing , the processing intensity of cartoon face is significantly higher than that of human face , suggesting that cartoon face is more attractive to young children , making it more attention resources ;
( 3 ) Under the task of implicit processing , there is a significant difference in ERP components induced by different human and cartoon face expressions , which indicates that children ' s facial expression processing is automatic ;
( 4 ) There was no significant difference in the face expression of 6 - year - old children in the early coding stage of the face , and there was a significant difference in the late stage of face fine processing , suggesting that the processing depth of the expression was higher than that of implicit processing ;
( 5 ) The behavior and ERP experiment showed that the 6 - year - old children had an imbalance in the recognition ability of different expressions . According to the results of this study , the use of cartoon faces as the material of expression study will help to promote the development of the cognitive ability of the children ' s expression .

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】