特质感恩与状态感恩的认知偏向机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 06:19

本文选题：认知偏向 + 特质感恩　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：感恩是指个体对他人帮助产生的感激之情,它是当今积极心理学领域的热点研究问题。我国有着博大精深的感恩思想,比如:"滴水之恩当涌泉相报"、"知恩图报,善莫大焉"等。但就感恩的心理学研究来说与国外有很大差距,尤其是实证研究少之又少。感恩研究可以从特质感恩和状态感恩两个方面展开,特质感恩是指一个人拥有很高的感恩情感特征,他会很容易和频繁地体验到感恩之情。状态感恩是指个体在受到他人帮助后产生的一种即时性情绪体验,即感恩情绪。到目前为止还没有采用信息加工方法探讨特质感恩和状态感恩认知机制问题的研究。本研究在前人的相关和横断研究基础上,将认知加工的解释阶段和注意、记忆阶段进行整合。主要围绕特质感恩和状态感恩的注意偏向、记忆偏向和解释偏向三个方向展开,且在三种不同阶段采用不同的认知任务,来探讨三种认知加工偏向的特点与机制。研究共分为两大部分,七个实验。第一部分实验围绕特质感恩的认知加工偏向展开。研究一和研究二采用go/nogo范式和情绪stroop范式,选取不同情绪词刺激作为实验材料,来比较高低不同特质感恩大学生在识别情绪词的反应时和正确率上是否存在差异,是否对情绪词存在注意偏向,以考察特质感恩在注意阶段的特点。研究三采用词性判断和自由回忆任务来探讨高低不同特质感恩大学生在情绪词外显记忆上的特点。实验四采用具有模棱两可模糊事件任务,考察高低特质感恩大学生的解释偏向特点。探讨高特质感恩个体是否倾向于积极的解释偏向,低特质感恩组个体是否倾向于消极解释偏向。第二部分实验围绕状态感恩的认知加工偏向展开。通过诱发大学生的感恩情绪来考察个体在认知加工方式上是否出现积极偏向。实验五基于情绪stroop实验范式,选取不同情绪词刺激作为实验材料,来比较状态感恩大学生在识别情绪词的反应时和正确率上是否存在差异,是否对情绪词存在注意偏向,以考察状态感恩在注意阶段的特点。实验六采用词性判断和自由回忆任务来探讨状态感恩大学生在情绪词外显记忆上的特点。实验七采用具有模棱两可模糊事件任务,考察状态感恩大学生的解释偏向特点,探讨状态感恩大学生是否倾向于更为积极的解释偏向。基于以上研究,本文得到以下结果和结论:(1)高低特质感恩个体产生了明显的认知偏向。具体表现为:在go/nogo任务和情绪stroop任务上,高特质感恩组个体产生了明显的积极注意偏向,低特质感恩个体产生了明显的消极注意偏向。在自由回忆任务中,高特质感恩个体产生了明显的积极记忆偏向,而低特质感恩个体则产生了明显的消极记忆偏向。在模糊事件解释任务中,高特质感恩个体产生了明显的积极解释偏向,而低特质感恩个体产生了明显的消极解释偏向。(2)状态感恩个体出现了明显的积极认知偏向。具体表现为,在情绪stroop任务上,状态感恩诱发个体出现了明显的积极注意偏向。在自由回忆任务中,出现了明显的积极记忆偏向。在模糊事件解释任务中,出现了明显的积极解释偏向。(3)无论特质感恩还是状态感恩均能使个体产生积极认知偏向,从而给出了感恩能够降低抑郁状态的实验证明。
[Abstract]:Gratitude refers to the individual's gratitude for the help of others. It is a hot research issue in the field of positive psychology today. There is a profound and profound gratitude thought in our country, for example, "the love of drip water", "the wisdom of the newspaper, and the kindness". The study of gratitude can be carried out from two aspects: trait gratitude and state gratitude. Trait gratitude refers to a person having a very high gratitude emotional feature. He can easily and frequently experience gratitude. State gratitude refers to an immediate emotional experience, which is produced by the help of others, that is, gratitude. So far, information processing methods have not been used to study the cognitive mechanism of trait gratitude and state gratitude. On the basis of previous related and transection studies, this study integrates the interpretation stage of cognitive processing with the attention and memory stages of cognitive processing, mainly focusing on the attention bias of trait gratitude and state gratitude, memory bias and interpretation. In three directions, and using different cognitive tasks in three different stages, the characteristics and mechanisms of three cognitive processing bias are discussed. The study is divided into two parts and seven experiments. The first part of the experiment focuses on the cognitive processing bias of idiosyncratic gratitude. The first and the research two adopt the go/nogo paradigm and the emotional Stroop paradigm. Different emotional words are taken as experimental materials to compare whether there are differences in recognition of emotional words by college students with high and low qualities and whether there is a attention bias to emotional words in order to investigate the characteristics of trait gratitude in the stage of attention. Study three uses word judgment and free recall task to explore the high and low levels. The same trait is grateful for the characteristics of College Students' explicit memory in emotional words. Experiment four uses ambiguous and ambiguous event tasks to examine the interpretation bias of high and low quality gratitude students. Whether high idiosyncratic gratitude individuals tend to be positive interpretation bias and whether low trait gratitude groups tend to negative interpretation bias. Second Experimental five is based on the emotional Stroop experimental paradigm and selects different emotional words as experimental materials to compare the state gratitude college students' response to the recognition of emotional words. Whether there is difference between the time and the correct rate, whether there is a attention bias to emotional words to investigate the characteristics of state gratitude at the attention stage. Experiment six uses word judgment and free recall task to explore the characteristics of the state Thanksgiving college students' explicit memory in emotional words. Experiment seven uses ambiguous event tasks and investigation state. Based on the above studies, the following results and conclusions are obtained: (1) high and low idiosyncratic gratitude individuals have obvious cognitive bias. The specific performance is: on the go/ NoGo task and emotional Stroop task, the high trait gratitude group individual There are obvious positive attention bias, and low trait gratitude individual produces obvious negative attention bias. In the free memory task, high trait gratitude individuals produce obvious positive memory bias, while low trait gratitude individuals produce obvious negative memory bias. There are obvious positive explanation bias, while low trait gratitude individuals have obvious negative explanation bias. (2) state gratitude individuals have obvious positive cognitive bias. In the emotional Stroop task, state gratitude induced individuals have obvious positive bias. Positive memory bias is positive. (3) both trait gratitude and state gratitude can produce positive cognitive bias, thus giving the experimental proof that gratitude can reduce the state of depression.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】