观点采择方式和采择对象规模对老年人内隐偏见的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:51

本文选题：观点采择 + 对象规模　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：偏见,作为一种普遍存在的社会心理现象,一直是社会学、心理学、人类学等诸多学科关注和探究的焦点之一。而如何减少偏见,化解群际间的矛盾与冲突是摆在研究者面前的一道难题。观点采择作为社会认知领域新近发展出的一种干预策略,不仅可以减少负性刻板印象与偏见、改善群际关系,而且在实施过程中,具备自身的独特优势,能够避免其他干预措施可能带来的负面影响。在我国老龄人口迅速增加,老龄化程度不断加深的背景下。本研究选取老年人作为态度对象,通过三个实验,意图探究观点采择降低老年人内隐偏见的效果。研究一,采用3(观点采择方式:想象他人、想象自己、控制组)×2(采择对象性别:男、女)被试间设计,探究观点采择方式和采择对象性别对老年人内隐偏见的影响。结果表明:(1)观点采择方式对内隐偏见有显著影响,想象自己时的内隐偏见显著低于控制组,即想象自己能够显著降低内隐偏见;而想象他人时的内隐偏见与控制组无显著差异,即想象他人不能显著降低内隐偏见。(2)采择对象性别对内隐偏见没有显著影响,被试对老年男女的偏见程度相当。(3)观点采择方式与采择对象性别的交互作用不显著。研究二,针对研究一发现,采择对象为个体时,想象自己能够降低内隐偏见,为进一步探讨其在群体层面上的有效性,引入采择对象规模(个体、群体),采用单因素被试间设计,探究想象自己观点采择方式下,采择对象规模(个体、群体)对老年人内隐偏见的影响。结果表明:采择对象规模对内隐偏见有显著影响,采择对象为群体时被试的内隐偏见更高,即想象自己无法显著降低内隐偏见。研究三,针对研究二发现,想象自己时的内隐偏见受采择对象规模影响,为探讨研究一中想象他人无效的可能原因,采用单因素被试间设计,探究想象他人观点采择方式下,采择对象规模(个体、群体)对老年人内隐偏见的影响。结果表明:采择对象规模对内隐偏见有显著影响,采择对象为群体时被试的内隐偏见更低,即想象他人能够显著降低内隐偏见。综上所述,观点采择能够显著降低人们对老年人的内隐偏见,且不受采择对象性别影响。此外,两种不同观点采择方式降低内隐偏见的效果受采择对象规模影响。
[Abstract]:Prejudice, as a common social psychological phenomenon, has always been the focus of attention and exploration in sociology, psychology, anthropology and so on. How to reduce prejudice and resolve conflicts between groups is a difficult problem for researchers. As a newly developed intervention strategy in the field of social cognition, viewpoint selection can not only reduce negative stereotypes and prejudices, improve inter-group relations, but also have its own unique advantages in the process of implementation. Can avoid the possible negative impact of other interventions. In our country, the aging population is increasing rapidly and the degree of aging is deepening. In this study, the elderly were chosen as the attitude objects, and through three experiments, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of viewpoint selection to reduce the implicit prejudice of the elderly. In the first study, 3 (viewpoint selection: imagining others, imagining oneself, controlling group) 脳 2 (sex of the object: male and female) were used to explore the influence of the way of viewpoint selection and the sex of the object on the implicit prejudice of the elderly. The results showed that the way of taking one's opinion had a significant effect on the implicit bias. The implicit bias in imagining oneself was significantly lower than that in the control group, that is, imagining oneself could significantly reduce the implicit bias, but there was no significant difference between the implicit bias when imagining others and the control group. That is to say, imagine others can not significantly reduce implicit bias. 2) the sex of the selected object has no significant influence on the implicit bias, and the subjects have the same degree of prejudice against the elderly men and women. 3) the interaction between the method of taking and the sex of the object is not significant. Second, in view of the findings of the first study, when the object is an individual, imagine oneself can reduce the implicit prejudice, in order to further explore its validity in the group level, the scale of the object of taking is introduced (individual, In this paper, a single factor design was used to explore the influence of the size of the object (individual, group) on the implicit prejudice of the elderly. The results show that the size of the object has a significant effect on the implicit bias, and the implicit bias is higher when the object is a group, that is to say, the implicit bias can not be significantly reduced by imagining oneself. Third, in view of the findings of the second study, the implicit bias in imagining oneself is affected by the scale of the object of choice. In order to explore the possible reasons why the imagination of others is ineffective in study 1, the author uses a single factor design between the subjects to explore the way of choosing the viewpoint of imagining others. The effect of object size (individuals, groups) on implicit bias in the elderly. The results show that the size of the object has a significant effect on the implicit bias, and the implicit bias of the subjects is lower when the object is a group, that is, the implicit bias can be significantly reduced by imagining others. In conclusion, viewpoint selection can significantly reduce the implicit prejudice against the elderly and be independent of the gender of the object. In addition, the effect of two different approaches to reduce implicit bias is affected by the size of the object.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

【引证文献】