乐观和悲观个体对情绪刺激的注意偏向

发布时间：2018-05-03 23:05

本文选题：乐观 + 悲观　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为人格品质重要方面,乐观和悲观的不同心理与行为适应性受到研究者关注。已有研究发现乐观情绪作为一种积极情绪对个体产生有利的影响,与个体的好心情、坚持不懈的毅力、较高的成就和生理健康密切相关。此外研究还发现,乐观与悲观个体的认知风格与归因方式不同,这种不同的认知方式与归因方式也是导致乐观与悲观个体不同适应性的重要原因。注意偏向(Attentional Bias)作为一种重要的认知活动,是个体对特定刺激的高敏感性并伴随选择性注意,然而乐观与悲观个体对不同情绪效价刺激注意偏向的研究比较缺乏。因此本研究同时采用情绪Stroop范式和点探测范式,考察乐观个体与悲观个体对不同情绪面孔刺激的注意偏向,从而进一步揭示乐观与悲观个体不同心理与行为适应的认知机制。本研究采用《乐观悲观量表中文版》(OPS-C)对265名大学生被试进行乐观悲观评分测量,选取乐观样本被试40名悲观样本被试40名。运用E-prime进行实验设计,SPSS19.0进行统计分析,探讨了乐观与悲观个体对情绪面孔刺激的注意偏向。研究结论如下： (1)在情绪Stroop实验任务中,两组实验对象对两种情绪面孔表现出不同的情绪注意偏向,乐观组对积极面孔的正性情绪、悲观组对消极面孔的负性情绪产生注意偏向。在乐观组中,相对于消极面孔,积极面孔对乐观组产生更强的干扰抑制,而在悲观组中,与积极面孔相比,消极面孔对悲观组将产生更强的干扰抑制,证实了特质一致性假设。 (2)在点探测实验任务中,考察了乐观和悲观被试在不同情绪面孔图片下的注意偏向,结果表明乐观被试对积极面孔更敏感,表现出对积极面孔的注意增强,而悲观被试则对消极面孔更敏感,表现出消极面孔的注意增强,同样支持特质一致性假设。 (3)这些结果显示,乐观个体对积极情绪刺激的出现存在注意偏向,而悲观个体则对消极情绪刺激的出现存在注意偏向。因此,乐观个体更可能注意到积极的刺激,悲观的个体更可能会注意到消极的刺激,进而会对个体心理健康产生不同的影响。
[Abstract]:As an important aspect of personality quality, the different psychological and behavioral adaptations of optimism and pessimism are concerned by researchers. It has been found that optimism, as a positive emotion, has a beneficial effect on the individual, which is closely related to the individual's good mood, persistent perseverance, high achievement and physiological health. In addition, it is found that the cognitive styles and attributional styles of optimistic and pessimistic individuals are different, and the different cognitive styles and attributional styles are also the important reasons for the different adaptations of optimistic and pessimistic individuals. As an important cognitive activity, attention bias is highly sensitive to specific stimuli and is accompanied by selective attention. Therefore, the present study adopts both emotional Stroop paradigm and point detection paradigm to investigate the attention bias of optimistic and pessimistic individuals to different emotional facial stimuli, thus further revealing the cognitive mechanism of different psychological and behavioral adaptation between optimistic and pessimistic individuals. In this study, we used OPS-Cto to measure the optimistic pessimism score of 265 college students, and selected 40 optimistic sample subjects and 40 pessimistic sample subjects. E-prime was used to carry out the experimental design and SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the attention bias of optimistic and pessimistic individuals to emotional face stimulation. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) in the emotional Stroop task, the subjects of the two groups showed different emotional attention bias towards the two emotional faces, the positive emotion of the optimistic group and the negative emotion of the negative face in the pessimistic group. In the optimistic group, compared with the negative face, the positive face has stronger interference suppression to the optimistic group, while in the pessimistic group, the negative face will produce stronger interference suppression on the pessimistic group than the positive face, which confirms the hypothesis of trait consistency. The results showed that the optimistic subjects were more sensitive to the positive faces and showed more attention to the positive faces. 2) in the point detection task, we examined the attention bias of the optimistic and pessimistic subjects under different emotional faces. The results showed that the optimistic subjects were more sensitive to the positive faces and showed more attention to the positive faces. The pessimistic subjects were more sensitive to negative faces and showed increased attention to negative faces, which also supported the hypothesis of trait consistency. 3) these results show that positive individuals have attention bias to the emergence of positive emotional stimuli, while pessimistic individuals have attention bias to the emergence of negative emotional stimuli. Therefore, optimistic individuals are more likely to notice positive stimuli, and pessimistic individuals are more likely to notice negative stimuli, which may have different effects on individual mental health.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.6

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