3-5岁幼儿执行功能和气质对说谎行为的影响

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:33

本文选题：幼儿 + 执行功能　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现有研究表明3岁幼儿已经出现了说谎行为,但幼儿的说谎行为表现出很大的个体差异,有些幼儿说谎,而有些幼儿不说谎。因此,本研究想探讨到底有哪些因素会影响幼儿的说谎行为。已有研究表明,执行功能的发展会对幼儿的说谎行为产生很大的影响;同时也有研究发现,个体自身的气质特点也可能会影响幼儿的说谎行为。但目前相关研究所得结果并不一致,因此,我们在以往研究的基础上,进一步考察了3-5岁幼儿执行功能和气质对说谎行为的影响。本研究以杭州市两所幼儿园292名3-5岁幼儿作为研究对象。研究一探讨3-5岁幼儿执行功能对说谎行为的影响,采用“猜谜游戏”考察幼儿的说谎行为,采用六个经典的实验室任务对幼儿执行功能进行测量,其中以白天/黑夜任务和狮子/老虎任务考察幼儿的抑制控制能力,以动物任务和爱心任务考察幼儿的工作记忆能力,以维度变化卡片分类任务(DCCS)和混合鱼任务(Flanker fish)考察幼儿的认知灵活性。研究二采用《儿童气质评定问卷教师版》考察幼儿的气质特点,探讨气质对3-5岁幼儿说谎行为的影响以及执行功能和气质对说谎行为的共同影响。主要的研究结果如下:(1)3-5岁幼儿说谎行为的年龄特征:幼儿说谎发生率随年龄增长而提高;否认违规的性别差异不显著。幼儿说谎策略随年龄增长而提高;女生的说谎策略要好于男生。(2)执行功能对幼儿说谎行为的影响:执行功能各成分及其总分与幼儿否认违规相关不显著,也不存在年龄差异。工作记忆与幼儿说谎策略相关显著,且存在年龄差异,只有5岁幼儿的工作记忆正向预测说谎策略。抑制控制、认知灵活性和执行功能总分与幼儿说谎策略相关不显著。(3)气质对幼儿说谎行为的影响:气质各维度中只有气质的趋避性与幼儿否认违规相关显著,且存在年龄差异,只有3岁幼儿气质的趋避性负向预测否认违规;而气质的其它维度则与幼儿否认违规相关不显著。气质各维度中气质的趋避性、反应阈限和反应强度与幼儿说谎策略相关显著,且存在年龄差异,只有5岁幼儿气质的趋避性和反应阈限正向预测说谎策略,反应强度负向预测说谎策略;而气质的其它维度则与幼儿说谎策略相关不显著。(4)气质的调节作用:认知灵活性和气质的心境维度对说谎策略的单独预测作用不显著,但两者的交互作用可显著预测5岁幼儿的说谎策略。
[Abstract]:The existing studies show that the children of 3 years old have already appeared the lying behavior, but the children's lying behavior shows the very big individual difference, some children lie, and some children do not lie. Therefore, this study wants to explore what factors affect children's lying behavior. Some studies have shown that the development of executive function will have a great impact on the lying behavior of children. At the same time some studies have found that the temperament of individuals may also affect the lying behavior of young children. However, the results of relevant studies are not consistent at present. Therefore, based on the previous studies, we further investigated the influence of executive function and temperament on lying behavior of children aged 3-5 years. In this study 292 children aged 3-5 years old in two kindergartens in Hangzhou were studied. The first study was to explore the effect of executive function on lying behavior in children aged 3-5 years. Children's lying behavior was investigated by "guessing game", and six classical laboratory tasks were used to measure the executive function of children. Among them, day / night task and lion / tiger task were used to investigate the inhibition and control ability of young children, and animal task and love task were used to investigate the working memory ability of young children. The cognitive flexibility of young children was investigated by dimension change card sorting task (DCCS) and mixed fish task (Flanker fish). In the second study, children's temperament characteristics were investigated by teacher's version of Children's temperament Assessment questionnaire, and the influence of temperament on children's lying behavior and executive function and temperament on lying behavior were discussed. The main results are as follows: the age characteristics of lying behavior of children aged 3 to 5 years old: the incidence of lying increases with age, and the gender difference in denial of violation is not significant. The lying strategies of girls were better than that of boys. The effect of executive function on children's lying behavior was better than that of boys. Each component of executive function and its total score had no significant correlation with children's denial of violation, and there was no difference in age. There was significant correlation between working memory and lying strategies, and there were significant differences in age. Only 5 year old children's working memory positively predicted lying strategies. Inhibition control, cognitive flexibility and total score of executive function were not significantly correlated with children's lying strategies. (3) temperament had no significant effect on children's lying behavior: only temperament's tendency of avoidance was significantly correlated with children's denial and violation of regulations in all dimensions of temperament, and there were significant differences in age. Only 3 years old children had evasive negative predictive denial violation, while other dimensions of temperament had no significant correlation with children's denial of violation. In all dimensions of temperament, temperament avoidance, reaction threshold and response intensity were significantly correlated with the lying strategies of young children, and there were significant differences in age. Only children aged 5 years old had positive predictive lying strategies of temperament avoidance and reaction threshold. Response intensity negatively predicted lying strategies, while other dimensions of temperament were not significantly correlated with toddlers' lying strategies. (4) temperament regulation: cognitive flexibility and mood dimension of temperament had no significant effect on individual prediction of lying strategies. However, the interaction of the two can significantly predict the lying strategies of 5-year-old children.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848.4

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