父母社会支持、父母自我效能与智力障碍儿童社会适应的关系

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:42

本文选题：智力障碍儿童 + 父母社会支持　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会支持是个体通过自己社会关系的帮助和支持,获得了物质和精神力量,从而减轻心理应激反应缓解精神紧张状态,提高社会适应水平。父母自我效能是父母对自己有能力承担父母这一角色,以及由此对孩子的行为和发展产生积极影响的能力信念。社会适应是个体在独立处理日常生活和承担社会责任达到其年龄和所处社会文化条件所期望的程度。家庭环境对儿童社会性发展产生重大影响。社会适应是衡量儿童社会性发展和身心健康的重要标准。父母自我效能感是儿童社会适应发展的重要认知变量,父母所领悟到的社会支持水平越高,父母自我效能感越强,其子女适应能力发展可能会越好。但是大多数研究都是对这三者进行简单的相关分析,对于父母社会支持是如何影响儿童社会适应,是否以父母自我效能为中介等问题研究较少,而在智力障碍儿童的研究方面则更显薄弱。本研究选取302名智力障碍儿童,采用社会支持量表、自我效能量表、社会适应量表分别测量父母社会支持、父母自我效能、智力障碍儿童社会适应的基本特点,并进一步探讨父母社会支持、父母自我效能与智力障碍儿童社会适应的关系。本研究得出如下结论:(1)父母社会支持在父母年龄、教育程度上存在显著性差异,其中35岁及以下和46岁以上的父母的朋友支持和社会支持总分显著高于36-45岁智力障碍儿童父母。初中教育程度的父母获得的家庭支持和社会支持总分显著高于大学及以上教育程度的父母。(2)父母自我效能在父母年龄、家庭形态上存在显著性差异。随着父母年龄的增长,父母自我效能水平也逐渐提高。两代家庭和三代家庭的父母自我效能显著高于离异家庭。(3)智力障碍儿童社会适应在教育程度上存在显著性差异。父母受教育程度越高,智力障碍儿童的感知发展、人际关系、社会责任得分也就越高。(4)智力障碍儿童社会适应在家庭形态上存在显著性差异,其中两代同住家庭智力障碍儿童动作发展显著高于三代同住家庭,两代同住家庭智力障碍儿童社会责任显著高于离异家庭。(5)智力障碍儿童社会适应在看护人上存在显著性差异,其中智力障碍儿童的看护人为父母的社会适应得分显著高于看护人为祖父母。(6)父母社会支持与父母自我效能显著正相关,父母社会支持与智力障碍儿童社会适应显著正相关,父母自我效能与智力障碍儿童社会适应也呈显著正相关。(7)父母自我效能在父母社会支持和智力障碍儿童社会适应关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的36%。
[Abstract]:Social support is an individual who obtains material and spiritual strength through the help and support of his own social relations, thereby reducing psychological stress, relieving mental tension and improving the level of social adaptation. Parental self-efficacy is the ability belief that parents have the ability to take on the role of parents and thus have a positive impact on their children's behavior and development. Social adaptation is the degree to which an individual can reach his age and social and cultural conditions in dealing with daily life independently and assuming social responsibility. The family environment has a great impact on the social development of children. Social adaptation is an important standard to measure children's social development and physical and mental health. Parental self-efficacy is an important cognitive variable for children to adapt to society. The higher the level of social support perceived by parents, the stronger the self-efficacy of parents, and the better the development of their children's adaptive ability. However, most of the studies are simple correlation analysis of these three. There are few studies on how parents' social support affects children's social adaptation, whether parents' self-efficacy is the intermediary, and so on. The study of children with mental retardation is even weaker. In this study, 302 children with mental retardation were measured by social support scale, self-efficacy scale and social adaptation scale, respectively, to measure the basic characteristics of parents' social support, parents' self-efficacy, and social adaptation of children with mental retardation. Furthermore, the relationship between parents' social support, parental self-efficacy and social adaptation of children with mental retardation was discussed. In this study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) there are significant differences in the age and educational level of parents with social support of parents. The total scores of friends support and social support of parents aged 35 or below and over 46 years old are significantly higher than those of children with mental retardation aged 36-45 years. The total score of family support and social support of parents with junior middle school education was significantly higher than that of parents with college education and above. 2) there were significant differences in parental self-efficacy in parents' age and family shape. With the age of parents, the level of self-efficacy of parents also gradually improved. The self-efficacy of parents in two and three generations of families was significantly higher than that in divorced families. 3) there were significant differences in the educational level of children with mental retardation. The higher the educational level of parents, the higher the score of cognitive development, interpersonal relationship and social responsibility of children with mental retardation. (4) the social adaptation of children with mental retardation had significant difference in family shape. The social responsibility of children with mental retardation of two generations living in the same family was significantly higher than that of the children with mental retardation of the third generation, and the social adaptation of the children with mental retardation was significantly higher than that of the divorced family. (5) there were significant differences in the social adaptation of the children with mental retardation. The scores of social adaptation of parents of children with mental retardation were significantly higher than those of grandparents. 6) the social support of parents was positively correlated with self-efficacy of parents, and the social support of parents was positively correlated with social adaptation of children with mental retardation. There was also a significant positive correlation between parental self-efficacy and social adaptation of children with mental retardation. (7) Parental self-efficacy played an intermediary role in the relationship between parents' social support and social adaptation of children with mental retardation, and the mediating effect accounted for 36% of the total effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.1

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