SNARC效应的空间参照系机制

发布时间：2018-05-12 05:53

本文选题：SNARC效应 + 自我中心参照系　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：Dehaene等人发现小数-左侧反应大数-右侧反应的空间联系,他们把该效应命名为SNARC效应。他们试图用“心理数字线”来解释这一数字空间表征现象。后来,不仅在数字概念上对SNARC效应进行研究,在其他具有数量序列的非数字概念上也有类似的SNARC效应的产生。然而,随着SANRC效应研究的兴起,也涌现出一些心理数字线无法解释的现象。根据McNamara等人关于空间认知的模型,SNARC效应也包括有自我中心参照系和非自我中心参照系(即环境参照系)两种参照系统。对应在数字空间表征中,将非自我中心参照以数列内部结构作为操作性定义,即在数列本身的排列结构是竖直方向还是水平方向；而自我中心参照系以被试的反应方向作为操作性定义,即被试的反应键是竖直方向还是水平方向。自我中心参照系和非自我中心参照系在数字空间表征的编码中起到什么样的作用,本文中展开三个实验来探讨。实验一是通过四个平行实验来验证SNARC效应的产生是否有赖于自我中心参照和非自我中心参照对齐一致。结果发现,在水平方向反应条件下,不管自我中心参照系与非自我中心参照系一致与否,都产生了标准的SNARC效应；而在竖直方向反应上则没有出现效应。实验二通过指导语操纵了主观中点的三个位置,以探讨水平反应方向上在自我中心参照系与非自我中心参照系联合对齐时,数字空间表征的编码方式。结果发现,在数列1-9中,当分别设定3、5、7为主观中点时均有标准的SNARC效应产生。这说明,数字空间表征是以主观中点进行编码的。实验三探讨了在水平方向反应时,自我中心参照系与非自我中心参照系不对齐一致的时候SNARC效应产生的机制。实验中使用与两种参照系方向一致的箭头作为该两种参照系的线索。结果发现,虽然两种线索化条件下都出现了SNARC效应,但是线索化自我中心参照系所达到的效果比线索化非自我中心参照系时更加经济。也就是说,在冲突条件下,更加依赖于自我中心参照系对数字进行空间表征。综合实验研究结果以及有关讨论,本研究可以得出以下结论：一、在自我中心参照系与非自我中心参照系一致的情况下,数字的空间表征以序列的主观中点进行编码；二、在自我中心参照系与非自我中心参照系不一致的情况下,数字的空间表征的策略是主要依赖自我中心参照系进行编码。总结两点结论可以认为,人们在进行数字表征时大脑中不仅要形成与当前序列对齐一致的数字线,还要考虑到当下的反应方向与序列朝向的关系。这不仅有助于对SANRC效应内涵的理解,更为日后在大尺度空间内开展相应的研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:Dehaene et al found the spatial connection between the decimal number, the left reaction large number and the right reaction, and they named the effect SNARC effect. They try to explain this phenomenon of digital space representation by "psychological digital line". Later, the SNARC effect is studied not only in the concept of numbers, but also in other non-numerical concepts with quantitative sequences. However, with the rise of SANRC effect, there are some phenomena which can not be explained by psychological digital lines. According to McNamara et al.'s model of spatial cognition, the SNARC effect also includes two reference systems: the self-centered reference system and the non-self-centered reference system. In the representation of digital space, the non-self-centered reference is defined by the internal structure of the sequence as the operational definition, that is, whether the permutation of the sequence itself is vertical or horizontal; The egocentric reference frame defines the reaction direction of the subjects as the operational definition, that is, whether the reaction bond of the subjects is vertical or horizontal. In this paper, three experiments are carried out to explore the role of egocentric reference system and non-egocentric reference frame in the coding of digital space representation. In the first experiment, four parallel experiments were conducted to verify whether the generation of SNARC effect depends on the alignment of self-centered reference and non-self-centered reference. The results show that the standard SNARC effect is produced regardless of whether the egocentric reference system is consistent with the non-egocentric reference frame under the horizontal response condition, but there is no effect in the vertical response. In experiment 2, the three positions of the subjective midpoint were manipulated by the guidance language to explore the coding method of the digital spatial representation when the self-centered reference system and the non-self-centered reference frame were aligned in the horizontal response direction. The results show that in series 1-9, the standard SNARC effect occurs when the subjective midpoint is set at 3 / 5 / 7 respectively. This shows that the representation of digital space is encoded by subjective midpoint. In the third experiment, the mechanism of SNARC effect is discussed when the self-centered reference system and the non-egocentric reference system are not aligned in horizontal direction. Arrowheads aligned with the two reference frames were used as clues for the two reference frames. The results show that although the SNARC effect appears in both cues, the effect of the cue-oriented self-centered reference system is more economical than that of the cue-oriented non-egocentric reference frame. That is to say, in conflict conditions, numbers are more spatially represented by self-centered reference frames. Synthesizing the experimental results and related discussions, this study can draw the following conclusions: first, when the self-centered reference frame is consistent with the non-egocentric reference frame, the spatial representation of the number is encoded by the subjective midpoint of the sequence; When the self-centered frame of reference is inconsistent with the non-self-centered frame of reference, the strategy of digital spatial representation is mainly dependent on the self-centered frame of reference for coding. In conclusion, we can conclude that not only the digital line aligned with the current sequence should be formed in the brain, but also the relationship between the current direction of reaction and the orientation of the sequence should be taken into account. This will not only help to understand the connotation of SANRC effect, but also lay a foundation for further research in large scale space.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

【相似文献】