触觉经验对经济决策的影响

发布时间：2018-05-16 00:19

本文选题：触觉经验 + 独裁者　；参考：《四川师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来心理学界掀起了关于具身的研究浪潮,研究者们开始逐渐意识到具身效应对于经济决策的影响作用,认为在决策过程中身体感觉发挥着关键性的作用。触觉作为人类发展最早的感觉系统,作为人类应对外部环境的操控和获取外界信息的重要环节,心理学界却很少关注触觉经验对经济决策的影响。并且有研究表明,个体的社会价值取向会影响个体的博弈决策行为。因此本研究以经济决策中的独裁者、最后通牒和第三方惩罚为例,采用行为实验的方法,来探究社会价值倾向和触觉经验对于经济决策的影响。本研究共包括了四个实验,被试取样以在校研究生和本科生为主。实验一中被试需接触不同软硬度的球(软球/硬球)并且用手挤压,以产生不同的硬度感,再让他们以分配者的身份进行独裁者(实验1a)和最后通牒(实验1b)博弈,以考察触觉经验对经济决策的影响,结果表明:挤压硬球的被试在决策中更加容易做出利己的分配选择;挤压软球的被试在决策中更加利他。实验二让被试的非手部区域接触不同软硬度的座椅以产生不同的硬度感,再让他们以分配者的身份进行独裁者(实验2a)和最后通牒(实验2b)博弈,以考察触觉经验对经济决策的影响。结果表明:坐硬板凳的被试在决策中更加容易做出利己的分配选择;坐软沙发的被试在决策中更加利他。实验三是通过让被试用手挤压不同软硬度的球以产生不同的硬度感,再让他们以应答者的身份进行独裁者(实验3a)、最后通牒(实验3b)和第三方惩罚(实验3c)博弈,以考察触觉经验对经济决策的影响,结果表明:挤压硬球的被试在决策中更加容易拒绝利他的分配方案;挤压软球的被试在决策中更加利他。实验四让被试的非手部区域接触不同软硬度的座椅以产生不同的硬度感,再让他们以应答者的身份进行独裁者(实验4a)、最后通牒(实验4b)和第三方惩罚(实验4c)博弈,以考察触觉经验对经济决策的影响。结果表明:坐硬板凳的被试在决策中更加容易接受利他的分配方案;坐软沙发的被试在决策中更加利他。本研究得出两个重要结论:(1)触觉经验影响被试对经济决策的影响,即决策存在具身效应;(2)社会价值倾向会影响被试的经济决策行为。未来的研究方向可进一步探讨在其他决策过程中感觉运动系统所发挥的作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a wave of research on the body in the field of psychology. Researchers begin to realize the influence of the body effect on the economic decision-making, and think that the body feeling plays a key role in the decision-making process. Tactile, as the earliest sensory system in human development, is an important link for human to deal with the external environment and obtain external information. However, the psychological circles pay little attention to the impact of tactile experience on economic decision-making. Some studies have shown that individual social value orientation will affect individual decision-making behavior. Therefore, this study takes dictators, ultimatums and third party punishments in economic decision-making as examples to explore the influence of social value orientation and tactile experience on economic decision-making by using behavioral experiments. In this study, four experiments were conducted. The subjects were mainly graduate students and undergraduates. In experiment 1, the subjects were exposed to different soft and hard balls (soft ball / hard ball) and squeezed with their hands to produce different hardness. They were then asked to play dictators (experiment 1a) and ultimatum (experiment 1b) as Distributors. In order to investigate the effect of tactile experience on economic decision-making, the results show that the subjects who squeeze hard balls are more likely to make selfishness allocation in the decision making, and those who squeeze soft balls are more altruistic in decision-making. Experiment 2 exposed the non-hand regions of the subjects to different soft and hard seats to produce different hardness, and then asked them to play the dictators (experiment 2a) and the ultimatum (experiment 2b) as Distributors. To examine the impact of tactile experience on economic decision-making. The results show that the subjects sitting on the hard bench are more likely to make altruistic allocation in the decision making, while the subjects sitting on the soft sofa are more altruistic in the decision making. The third experiment was to let the hands of the trial squeeze the ball with different degrees of hardness to produce different hardness, and then let them play the dictators as responders (experiment 3a, ultimatum (experiment 3b), and third party punishment (experiment 3c), and then they played the game of dictators (experiment 3a), ultimatum (experiment 3b), and third party punishment (experiment 3c). By examining the effect of tactile experience on economic decision-making, the results show that it is easier to reject altruistic allocation scheme for hard ball extruder and more altruistic for soft ball squeezing. Experiment 4 exposed the non-hand regions of the subjects to different soft and hard seats to produce different hardness, and then asked them to play dictators as responders (experiment 4aan, ultimatum (experiment 4b) and third party punishment (experiment 4c). To examine the impact of tactile experience on economic decision-making. The results show that the subjects sitting on the hard bench are more likely to accept altruistic allocation scheme in the decision making, and those sitting on the soft sofa are more altruistic in the decision making. This study draws two important conclusions: 1) the influence of tactile experience on economic decision making, I. e., the existence of body effect in decision making (2) the tendency of social value will influence the economic decision making behavior of the subjects. In the future, the role of sensorimotor system in other decision-making processes can be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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