不同认知灵活性大学生在默读和出声阅读下的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 07:43

本文选题：认知灵活性 + 默读　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阅读是人类特有的智能活动,是个体学习不可或缺的重要手段。出声阅读确保了个体对每一个单词的注意,促进对阅读材料的理解;默读则是一种高效理解文本的阅读模式。这两种不同的阅读模式对阅读都是十分重要的。认知灵活性是一种同时处理刺激多方面信息的能力,对于阅读信息十分必要。本研究将阅读模式与认知灵活性相结合,把文章的两大基本类型作为实验材料,共设计了两个实验,旨在对不同认知灵活性的大学生在默读与出声阅读两种阅读模式下的阅读理解成绩和眼动特征差异进行研究,观察其眼动模式的不同。首先,对被试进行威斯康星卡片分类测验,筛选出认知高灵活性和认知低灵活性的大学生;然后,让被试随机默读一篇短文和出声阅读一篇短文,每篇短文后面有四道选择题,被试需要口头报告出答案,由主试记录下来,这期间用眼动仪进行实时的眼动追踪;最后,对被试的阅读理解成绩和眼动指标进行整理和数据分析。实验1选取的是科技说明文,被试共71人,男生29人,女生42人,实验2选取的是记叙文,被试共58人,男生28人,女生30人,两个实验结果表明:从总体上看,不论是阅读科技说明文还是记叙文,认知高灵活性的大学生的阅读理解成绩更高,出声阅读模式下大学生的阅读理解成绩更高;与出声阅读相比,在默读时,大学生的注视次数更少,注视点持续时间更短,眼跳距离较大,回视次数较少,但是丢失时间更多;阅读科技说明文时,不同认知灵活性大学生在不同阅读方式下的眼动指标差异更显著,但性别因素和专业因素在阅读记叙文时影响更显著。
[Abstract]:Reading is a unique intellectual activity of human beings and an indispensable means of individual learning. Voice reading ensures individual attention to each word and promotes the understanding of reading materials, while silent reading is a kind of efficient reading mode to understand the text. These two different reading patterns are very important for reading. Cognitive flexibility is a kind of ability to deal with all kinds of information simultaneously, which is necessary for reading information. This study combines the reading model with cognitive flexibility, and designs two experiments, taking the two basic types of the article as the experimental materials. The purpose of this paper is to study the differences in reading comprehension and eye movement characteristics of college students with different cognitive agility in silent reading and vocal reading in order to observe the difference of eye movement patterns. First, the participants were tested with a Wisconsin card sorting test to screen out college students with high cognitive flexibility and low cognitive flexibility. Then, the subjects were randomly asked to read a short essay and read a short essay aloud, with four multiple choice questions at the end of each essay. The subjects need to report the answers orally, and record them by the main test. During this period, eye movement tracking is carried out with eye movement instrument. Finally, the reading comprehension scores and eye movement indexes of the subjects are sorted out and the data are analyzed. Experiment 1 selected 71 participants, 29 boys and 42 girls, and experiment 2 selected narratives, 58 subjects, 28 boys and 30 girls. The results of the two experiments show that: overall, there are 58 students, 28 boys and 30 girls. The students with high cognitive flexibility had higher reading comprehension scores and higher reading comprehension scores under the sound reading mode than those with silent reading, regardless of whether they were reading the technical narratives or narratives. College students have fewer fixation times, shorter fixation point duration, larger distance of eye jump, fewer times of return, but more lost time. There were significant differences in eye movement indexes between different cognitive flexibility students under different reading styles, but gender and professional factors had a more significant effect on narrative reading.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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