系统生成的历史与具身认知的本质

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:40

本文选题：具身认知 + 系统　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：具身认知是最近几十年来在认知科学研究中兴起的概念,认知科学是在哲学、语言学、心理学、计算机科学、人工智能、认知神经科学的交叉渗透的基础上兴起的一个综合性学科群。具身认知是在第一代认知科学研究存在困境及局限的基础上提出的。第一代认知科学将人类的认知类比为计算机的信息加工过程，将其看作是对抽象表征符号的计算，与我们的身体无关。第一代认知科学的局限使其遭遇的困境促使一些学者开始质疑将人类的认知类比为计算机的信息加工过程——或者说认知与身体无关这一观点的有效性。具身认知的观点就是在这个背景下提出的对第一代认知科学的质疑。具身认知是一新生的观点，到目前为止并没有形成一个系统的理论。不同的学者对具身认知的看法不同，具有代表性的观点是莱考夫和瓦雷拉的观点。虽然莱考夫和瓦雷拉的观点有些区别，但从他们的观点中可以看出他们都强调人的身体体验对人类认知的重要性。具身认知其实质上探讨的是身心之间的关系问题。对于身体和心理之间的关系，第一代认知科学所持有的是身心二元对立的观点，即身体和心理之间是没有直接相互作用的关系。而具身认知的观点是身心之间具有相互作用，人应该是一个整体，身心应是一个统一于具体的人的整体。系统科学所研究和强调的正是系统的整体性和涌现现象。人也是一个系统，可以从多个角度去理解人这一系统，若从身心这个二分法的角度去理解人这一系统，人的身心是统一的。对系统进行研究的学者们已经形成了大量的理论。系统论强调的是系统的整体性以及由于系统的组成部分的相互作用而出现的涌现现象，并认为系统是生成的，拥有它自己的历史。人本身就是一个复杂的系统，人这一复杂的系统和其它的系统一样也是历史地生成的，人的身心也是生成和发展变化的。从人这个系统生成起，人的身心就是统一、无法分离并相互作用的。并且人这个系统和它所处的环境也生成了一个新的系统，人的具身认知正是伴随这个新的系统的生成过程而生成的。一方面，从系统论的角度去看待具身认知，具身认知应是系统科学研究的内容。研究具身认知应从人这一系统生成的历史过程去研究，具身的认知生成发展的过程本来就是人这一系统生成发展的过程，不能只从现存的系统去研究。另一方面，我们对于具身认知的研究，可以借鉴和参考系统科学的研究成果和方法。但是对于系统科学的研究结果和方法的借鉴要慎重。这是由于每一门学科的发展，实质上是人的具身认知的生成的结果，，人的具身的认知是一个发展变化的过程，那么每一个学科也是一个发展变化的过程。
[Abstract]:Physical cognition is a concept that has arisen in cognitive science research in recent decades. Cognitive science is in philosophy, linguistics, psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence. The cross-penetration of cognitive neuroscience is based on the rise of a comprehensive scientific group. Personal cognition is put forward on the basis of the predicament and limitation of the first generation cognitive science research. The first generation of cognitive science likened human cognition to the information processing process of computers and regarded it as the calculation of abstract representation symbols which had nothing to do with our bodies. Due to the limitations of the first generation of cognitive science, some scholars begin to question the validity of the analogy of human cognition to the process of computer information processing-or the idea that cognition has nothing to do with the body. It is against this background that the viewpoint of physical cognition is a challenge to the first generation of cognitive science. Physical cognition is a new idea, so far no systematic theory has been formed. Different scholars have different views on personal cognition. The representative views are Lakoff's and Varela's. Although there are some differences between Lakoff and Varela, they all emphasize the importance of human body experience to human cognition. The essence of the cognition is the relationship between body and mind. As for the relationship between body and mind, the first generation of cognitive science holds the view that there is no direct interaction between body and mind. The viewpoint of physical cognition is that there is interaction between body and mind, and man should be a whole, and body and mind should be a unity of concrete person. It is the integrity and emergence of systems that are studied and emphasized in systems science. Man is also a system, which can be understood from many angles. If we understand this system from the perspective of the dichotomy of body and mind, the human body and mind are unified. Scholars who study the system have formed a large number of theories. System theory emphasizes the integrity of the system and the emergence of the interaction of the components of the system, and considers that the system is generated and has its own history. Man itself is a complex system, the complex system of man and other systems are also historical generation, human body and mind is also generated and developed. From the generation of the system, human body and mind are unified, unable to separate and interact. And the system of human and its environment have also created a new system, the human body cognition is generated along with the process of the generation of the new system. On the one hand, from the perspective of system theory, physical cognition should be the content of system science research. The study of human cognition should be studied from the historical process of the generation of the system. The process of the formation and development of the body cognition is originally the process of the generation and development of the system of human being, and it cannot be studied only from the existing system. On the other hand, we can refer to the research results and methods of system science. However, the research results and methods of systems science should be carefully used for reference. This is because the development of each subject is essentially the result of the formation of human body cognition, the human body cognition is a process of development and change, then each subject is also a process of development and change.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.1

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