时间限制、干扰水平对面部表情识别的影响的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 05:21

本文选题：面部表情识别 + 事件相关电位　；参考：《四川师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：在人们的日常生活中，对于他人面部表情的识别和解读关系到人们能否正确合理的理解他人的情感表达，在沟通和交往中起着除言语之外相当重要的媒介作用。基于达尔文的生理学观点，研究者们认为情绪情感的表达在进化中成为交流的需要，有助于人类的生存和繁衍。作为支持的理由，大量研究发现基本情绪甚至包括一些复杂情绪都存在着显著的跨文化一致性。一般认为如果面部表情能够发送出适当的信息，就能够被正确的识别，人们在没有受到训练的条件下依然可以对基本情绪进行快速准确的反应。甚至进一步来说，人们应该普遍有能力在受干扰的情形下完成面部表情的识别。基于此，一些研究认为情绪识别可能是一个自动化的过程。本研究采用事件相关电位（event-related potentials，简称ERP）技术，探讨有时间限制、无时间限制以及不同干扰水平条件下的面部表情识别的脑加工机制。研究采用等概率实验范式，随机呈现分为积极和消极两组的面部表情图片（快乐、惊奇与悲伤、恐惧），要求被试观看图片并完成面部表情识别任务。在有时间限制和无时间限制的任务条件下，分别要求被试尽可能快速的和尽可能准确的完成面部表情识别任务。分析被试完成任务的反应时、正确率以及面部表情图片的ERP成分。结果显示，时间限制条件下被试反应的正确率小于无时间限制条件，对于积极情绪面部表情的反应时小于消极情绪。观察ERP总平均波形图发现面部表情图片诱发了明显的P1、P2、N170成分,比较不同类型面部表情和不同任务条件下诱发脑电成分的波幅和潜伏期，分析讨论这些脑电成分是否存在表情效应。结果证实了“负性偏向认知理论模型”的相关理论。干扰条件下的实验分为难度水平不同的两组任务，，采用经典stroop范式，低难度水平组任务采用字义与字体颜色一致的目标字作为分散认知资源的认知负荷条件；高难度水平组任务采用字义与字体颜色不一致的目标字作为认知负荷条件，要求被试在对面部表情图片完成识别后利用回忆对目标字的字体颜色做出反应。分析被试完成任务的反应时、正确率以及面部表情的ERP成分。结果表明，消极情绪识别的反应时要高于积极情绪的识别；积极情绪和消极情绪面部表情的识别和加工对于认知资源的占用程度是不同的。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: in people's daily life, the recognition and interpretation of other people's facial expressions is related to the correct and reasonable understanding of other people's emotional expression, and plays an important role in communication and communication besides words. Based on Darwin's physiological point of view, the researchers believe that the expression of emotion and emotion becomes the need of communication in evolution, which is helpful to the survival and reproduction of human beings. For supporting reasons, a large number of studies have found that basic emotions, even some complex emotions, have significant cross-cultural consistency. It is generally believed that if facial expressions can send appropriate information, they can be correctly recognized, and people can react quickly and accurately to basic emotions without being trained. Even more, there should be a general ability to recognize facial expressions without interference. Based on this, some studies suggest that emotion recognition may be an automated process. In this study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to explore the brain processing mechanism of facial expression recognition with time limitation, no time limitation and different interference levels. Using the equal probability experimental paradigm, the subjects were randomly presented with positive and negative facial expression images (happiness, surprise and sadness, fear). The subjects were asked to look at the pictures and complete the task of facial expression recognition. Under the conditions of time-limited and non-time-limited tasks, participants were asked to complete facial expression recognition tasks as quickly as possible and as accurately as possible. The correct rate and the ERP component of the facial expression picture were analyzed when the subjects completed the task. The results showed that the correct rate of reaction was lower than that without time limit, and the reaction time of positive emotion was smaller than that of negative emotion under the condition of time limit. By observing the total average waveform of ERP, we found that the facial expression images induced obvious P1P P2N170 components, and compared the amplitude and latency of EEG components induced by different facial expressions and different tasks. The expression effect of these EEG components was analyzed and discussed. The results confirm the theory of negative bias cognitive model. The experiment was divided into two groups of tasks with different difficulty levels. The classical stroop paradigm was used in the experiment, and the target words with the same meaning and the font color were used as cognitive load conditions in the low difficulty level group. The target words with different meanings and font color were used as cognitive load conditions in the high difficulty group. The subjects were asked to respond to the font color of the target words by recall after the recognition of the facial expression images. The correct rate and the ERP component of facial expression were analyzed when the subjects completed the task. The results showed that the reaction time of negative emotion recognition was higher than that of positive emotion recognition, and the recognition and processing of positive emotion and negative emotion facial expression had different occupation of cognitive resources.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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