宽恕对社会选择的影响—亲社会声誉的中介作用

发布时间：2018-06-10 14:30

本文选题：宽恕 + 亲社会声誉　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从人际交往到群体合作,背叛事件的发生难以避免。根据传统经济学的观点,当冒犯和背叛发生时,只有采取惩罚才能够维持群体的合作水平,而对于冒犯者的宽恕则会导致群体合作水平的降低并为宽恕者带来风险。近年来,心理学领域的研究也提出,宽恕可能会诱发再次冒犯,为宽恕者带来风险。从这一视角,宽恕为宽恕者带来的更多风险可能会令宽恕者在进化中逐渐消亡。然而,这一关注点与社会对宽恕的提倡以及现实中宽恕者的普遍存在都存在矛盾,因此本研究想要对宽恕者的留存机制进行探究。宽恕作为一种在冒犯发生后的亲社会转变,以不回避和不报复的积极态度面对冒犯者和冒犯行为。这样的动机转变在当下可能会为宽恕者带来风险,但它表现出的亲社会特征可能会为宽恕者带来亲社会的声誉,从而提升宽恕者在社会选择中的优势。本研究拟从亲社会声誉的角度切入,探索宽恕对于社会选择的影响。本研究通过三个实验,在实验室情境中对宽恕者能够在合作进化中稳定留存的机制进行了探究,共有162名被试的数据被纳入数据分析。实验一主要探究实验室中对于宽恕的操作范式和宽恕对于社会选择的大致影响方向,证明从第三方的角度,无论是从意愿还是从行为层面,在社会选择中都更偏向于宽恕者;实验二完善了宽恕的操作范式和对于冒犯水平的测量方法,并对宽恕对社会选择的影响机制进行了探索,验证了亲社会声誉在宽恕对社会选择中的中介效应;实验三从不同角色的角度验证了宽恕者在社会选择中的优势,并且对于不同社会价值取向个体对宽恕者的偏好进行了探索。研究整体得出了以下结论:1)人们与宽恕者的共同游戏意愿更强。2)宽恕能够带来更高的亲社会声誉,从而使宽恕者在社会选择中获得优势——亲社会声誉在宽恕对社会选择的影响过程起到中介作用。3)从行为的角度,本研究证明,无论是在选择未来队友还是领导时,人们都更倾向于选择宽恕者。然而,在所需要选择的角色不同时,人们对于宽恕程度的偏好存在差异:在选择队友时更偏向高宽恕的人,而在选择领导时更偏向于低宽恕的人。4)不同社会价值取向的人在社会选择时都更偏好于宽恕者,但亲社会的人对于高水平宽恕者更为敏感。本研究的结果从第三方的角度入手,验证了宽恕者在社会选择中具有优势,为宽恕者和宽恕行为没有因为不背叛不回避而被冒犯者利用殆尽,并能够在人际互动中广泛存在提供了一点思路。
[Abstract]:From interpersonal communication to group cooperation, betrayal is inevitable. According to the traditional economics, when offense and betrayal occur, only punishment can maintain the cooperation level of the group, while forgiveness for the offender will lead to the decrease of the level of group cooperation and bring risks to the forgiving person. In recent years, psychological studies have also suggested that forgiveness may induce further offending and risk forgiving. From this perspective, the greater risks that forgiveness poses to forgiveness may lead to the gradual demise of forgiveness in evolution. However, there are contradictions between this concern and the advocacy of forgiveness in society and the universal existence of forgiveness in reality. Therefore, this study wants to explore the retention mechanism of forgiveness. Forgiveness, as a pro-social change after offence, faces offenders and offenses with a positive attitude of not evading and not retaliating. Such a change of motivation in the present may bring risks to the forgiving person, but its prosocial characteristics may bring the pardoner a pro-social reputation, thus enhancing the forgiving person's advantage in the social choice. This study aims to explore the impact of forgiveness on social choice from the perspective of pro-social reputation. Three experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism by which forgiveness could survive in cooperative evolution in a laboratory setting. A total of 162 subjects were included in the data analysis. Experiment one mainly explores the operating paradigm of forgiveness in the laboratory and the general influence direction of forgiveness on social choice, which proves that from the perspective of third party, whether from the aspect of intention or behavior, it is more inclined to forgiving in social choice. Experiment two perfected the operating paradigm of forgiveness and measured the level of affront, explored the mechanism of the influence of forgiveness on social choice, and verified the mediating effect of prosocial reputation in forgiveness on social choice. Experiment 3 verifies the advantages of forgiving people in social choice from different roles and explores the preferences of individuals with different social value orientations. The study as a whole concluded that: 1) people's willingness to play games with forgiveness is stronger. 2) forgiveness can lead to a higher pro-social reputation. So that forgiving people gain an advantage in social choice-Prosocial reputation plays an intermediary role in the influence of forgiveness on social choice. 3) from the behavioral point of view, this study proves that, whether in choosing future teammates or leadership, People are more inclined to choose the forgiving. However, when the roles needed to be chosen were different, there were differences in people's preferences for the degree of forgiveness: people who chose their teammates were more likely to forgive, However, people with different social values tend to prefer forgiving people when choosing leadership, but pro-social people are more sensitive to high-level forgiveness. The results of this study, from the perspective of third parties, demonstrate that forgiving people have advantages in social choice, and that forgiving behaviors are not used up by offenders for not betraying them and not evading them. And to be able to widely exist in interpersonal interaction provides a little thought.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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