表征动量的典型运动效应及其原因

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:04

本文选题：表征动量 + 移位　；参考：《清华大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：表征动量指观察者对运动物体最终位置的记忆沿物体运动方向发生的前移。前人研究发现，自然对象前进运动时的前移量大于倒退运动时的前移量，表现出典型运动效应，但典型运动效应发生的原因，已有研究存在争议、没有明确答案。本研究系统探讨了熟悉物体的典型运动效应及其原因。研究一（实验1-3）对熟悉物体的表征动量及典型运动效应进行验证。结果表明，前进运动的物体存在表征动量（实验1）；倒退运动的物体存在表征动量，但动物的前移量小于物理刺激的前移量（实验2）。实验3重复验证了典型运动效应。研究二至四分别探索典型运动效应的可能原因：速度、朝向和指向。研究二（实验4-8）着重探讨速度原因。刺激对象的实际运动速度影响表征动量（实验4）。尽管汽车和自行车的前移量无差异（实验5），但奔跑人的前移量大于站立人的前移量（实验6），且这一差异并非由水平视角造成（实验7）。排除视觉原型性的影响，快慢语义不影响前移量（实验8）。研究二表明：在有效启动速度概念的条件下，熟悉物体的速度知识影响表征动量，但需要以物体的视觉特征为媒介。研究三（实验9-12）使用对称图形着重探讨朝向原因。实验9表明刺猬正向运动的前移量大于倒向运动的前移量，，但朝向效应只作用于水平向右方向，即倒向且水平向右运动的表征动量消失；实验10和实验11分别使用抽象的对称图形和pacman图形为实验材料，得到了与实验9一致的观察；实验12探讨垂直运动，结果表明朝向效应只作用于垂直向下方向。研究三表明：朝向影响表征动量，但只作用于水平向右和垂直向下方向，前者可能和阅读习惯有关，后者可能和重力作用有关。研究四（实验13-14）着重探讨指向原因。结果表明，三角形运动方向与其顶角指向相同时的前移量大于不同时的前移量（实验13）；在保持朝向和指向不变时，熟悉物体的倒置状态不影响表征动量（实验14）。研究四表明：指向影响表征动量。综上所述，熟悉物体前进的前移量大于倒退的前移量，表现出典型运动效应，同时这一效应的根源是朝向效应和指向效应。相比于指向效应，朝向效应可能是更一般和更主要的原因。朝向效应的存在说明表征动量具有认知可渗透性。
[Abstract]:Momentum refers to the forward movement of the observer's memory of the final position of a moving object along the moving direction of the object. Previous studies have found that the amount of forward movement of natural objects is larger than that of retrogressive motion, showing typical motion effect, but the cause of typical motion effect has been controversial and there is no clear answer. This study systematically discusses the typical motion effects of familiar objects and their causes. Study I (experiment 1-3) verifies the characterization of momentum and typical motion effects of familiar objects. The results show that there is a token momentum in the body moving forward (experiment 1), but the amount of forward movement of the animal is smaller than that of the physical stimulus (experiment 2). Experiment 3 repeatedly verifies the typical motion effect. Two to four studies explore the possible causes of typical motion effects: velocity, orientation and direction. Study 2 (experiment 4-8) focuses on the causes of speed. The actual motion velocity of the stimulator has an effect on the characterization of momentum (experiment 4). Although there was no difference in the amount of forward movement between the car and the bicycle (experiment 5), the amount of forward movement of the runner was larger than that of the standing person (experiment 6), and the difference was not caused by the horizontal angle (experiment 7). Excluding visual prototyping, fast and slow semantics do not affect the amount of forward movement (experiment 8). The second study shows that under the condition of effective starting velocity concept, familiarity with the knowledge of the velocity of the object influences the representation of momentum, but it needs to be mediated by the visual characteristics of the object. Study 3 (experiment 9-12) uses symmetrical graphics to focus on the cause of orientation. Experiment 9 showed that the forward movement of hedgehog was larger than that of backward movement, but the orientation effect only affected the horizontal direction to the right, that is, the momentum of the backward and horizontal movement was disappeared. Experiments 10 and 11 respectively use abstract symmetric and pacman patterns as experimental materials to obtain the observation consistent with experiment 9. Experiment 12 discusses vertical motion and the results show that the orientation effect acts only in the vertical downward direction. The third study shows that orientation affects momentum, but only in horizontal right and vertical downwards. The former may be related to reading habits, while the latter may be related to gravity. The fourth study (experiment 13-14) focuses on the directed reasons. The results show that when the direction of the triangle motion is the same as its vertex direction, the amount of forward movement is larger than that of the different time (experiment 13); while the orientation and direction of the familiar object are not changed, the inverted state of familiar object does not affect the token momentum (experiment 14). The fourth study shows that the direction effect characterizes momentum. To sum up, the moving forward of familiar objects is larger than that of retrogression, showing the typical motion effect, and the root of this effect is the orientation effect and the directional effect. Orientation effect may be a more general and main cause than directed effect. The existence of orientation effect indicates that momentum is characterized by cognitive permeability.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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