面子交换现象的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:20

本文选题：社会交换 + 面子　；参考：《江西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“给某人个面子”、“看在某某人的面子上”等是人们的日常用语。面子可以借、可以给、可以还，这说明面子就如同某种物件可以相互交换。本研究从社会交换论的角度提出了面子交换的概念，并对这一日常现象进行一定的理论分析和实证研究。所谓面子交换指的是社会互动的一方表现出某种行为以向另一方声讨面子，当另一方做出给或不给面子的表示之后，这一方做出的与面子有关或无关的回报行为。本研究共包括三个部分：面子交换问卷编制及现状分析、面子交换资源和面子交换功能分析。面子交换问卷编制及现状分析。本研究认为面子交换的形态主要包括三种：抬面子、护面子和损面子。抬面子指互动一方增加另一方面子的行为；护面子指个体维护他人面子使之不至于丢失的行为；损面子是指个体造成他人面子减少的行为。本研究在此理论基础上，并结合深入访谈和专家意见编制了包含25个题项的面子交换问卷并施测于大学生群体；经检验，总问卷的内部一致性信度为0.804，各维度的一致性信度均在0.6以上，达到了测量学的标准；通过验证性因素分析对问卷的结构效度进行检验，各项指标符合测量学标准，验证了面子交换问卷包含六个维度：抬面子、护面子、损面子、抬面子回报、护面子回报和损面子回报，共能解释总变异的53.066%。最后使用面子交换问卷对大学生面子交换的特点进行了调查，结果发现，男女生在抬面子回报维度上、独生子女与非独生子女在抬面子维度和问卷总分上、来自与城市和农村的学生在损面子回报和抬面子回报和损面子维度上存在显著差异。面子交换资源的分析。本研究对19名在校大学生和4名研究生的深入访谈资料进行整理和编码，获得关于面子交换资源的120个开放式编码和7个关联式编码。7个关联式编码分别为：夸奖、帮助、提升自身、情感与关系、顺从、地位和物质。本研究将面子交换资源和社会交换资源进行比较，结果发现两者具有一定相似性，但“提升自身”这一类别没有包含在社会交换资源的分类中，本研究对此结果进行了分析和讨论。面子交换的功能分析。本研究对23名在校大学生、研究生和5位社会人士的深入访谈资料进行整理和编码，结果发现，面子交换的积极功能主要包括：给面子的人有面子，提升人际关系质量，改善情绪，提高自尊和自信，提升能力，提升影响力，获取资源的手段，激励，社会功能，共9个方面，涉及到个体和社会两个层面；面子交换的消极功能包括：感受到压力，对给面子和维护面子的人和周围的人造成不良影响，自负、骄傲、自满，觉得虚伪和人情淡漠，不能发现自身的问题或发现其他问题，社会影响，共6个方面，也涉及个体和社会两个层面。
[Abstract]:"give someone face", "look at someone's face", etc is a common language. Face can be borrowed, can be given, can be returned, which shows that face is like something that can be exchanged. This study puts forward the concept of face exchange from the perspective of social exchange theory, and makes a theoretical analysis and empirical research on this daily phenomenon. The so-called "face exchange" refers to the behavior of one side of social interaction to denounce face from the other party, and when the other party gives or does not give face, the other party makes a return behavior related to or unrelated to face. This study consists of three parts: the compilation and analysis of face exchange questionnaire, the analysis of face exchange resources and the function of face exchange. Preparation and current situation analysis of face exchange questionnaire. This study considers that face exchange includes three types: face lifting, saving face and losing face. To raise face refers to the behavior of increasing the other's face by one side of the interaction; the act of protecting face to protect the face of others so as not to lose it; and the act of losing face refers to the act of reducing the face of others by an individual. On the basis of this theory, combined with in-depth interviews and expert opinions, this study compiled a face exchange questionnaire containing 25 items and applied it to college students. The internal consistency reliability of the total questionnaire was 0.804, and the consistency reliability of each dimension was above 0.6, which reached the standard of measurement, and the structural validity of the questionnaire was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that the questionnaire includes six dimensions: lifting face, saving face, losing face, promoting face return, saving face return and losing face return, which can explain the total variation of 53.06667. Finally, the characteristics of face exchange among college students are investigated by using the face exchange questionnaire. The results show that the male and female students in the dimension of face raising and return, the only child and the non-only child in the dimension of lifting face and the total score of the questionnaire. There are significant differences between the students from urban and rural areas in the dimensions of face loss, face gain and face loss. Analysis of face exchange resources. In this study, the data of 19 college students and 4 graduate students were sorted out and coded, and 120 open codes and 7 correlation codes were obtained about face exchange resources. The seven correlation codes were: praise, help, etc. Elevate oneself, emotion and relationship, obedience, status and substance. This study compares the face exchange resources with the social exchange resources. The results show that the two resources are similar to each other, but the category of "upgrading oneself" is not included in the classification of social exchange resources. The results are analyzed and discussed. The function analysis of face exchange. In this study, 23 college students, graduate students and 5 social personages were analyzed and coded. The results show that the positive functions of face exchange mainly include: giving face to face, improving the quality of interpersonal relationship. Improving mood, improving self-esteem and self-confidence, enhancing ability, enhancing influence, means of obtaining resources, motivation, social function, involving two aspects of individual and society, the negative function of face exchange includes: feeling pressure, It has a negative impact on those who give face and maintain face, and the people around them. They feel conceited, proud, complacent, feeling hypocritical and indifferent, unable to discover their own problems or other problems, and social influence, in all six aspects. It also involves both individual and social aspects.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B849

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