旁观者对8-10岁儿童悲伤共情的影响

发布时间：2018-06-20 04:13

本文选题：旁观者特征 + 儿童　；参考：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：共情是源自理解他人的情绪状态或情境而产生的与其相一致的情绪反应,共情既包括个体正确适当的情绪反应,也需要认知的参与,是人际交往中的重要影响因素,并且有研究表明,共情还会影响个体的亲社会行为,因此对共情的研究很有必要。共情在个体的发展过程中除了呈现出一定的年龄差异和性别差异外,作为一种社会心理现象,共情的发生往往是依据一定的情境线索。本文探究公开情境中,当不同年龄(同龄与成人)、不同熟悉度(熟悉与陌生)的旁观者存在时,是否会对儿童的悲伤共情产生影响,这种影响是单独作用或是受到其它因素的调节,采用情境故事法对180名8-10岁儿童进行被试内实验,对实验数据进行重复测量方差分析,得出如下结论:1.旁观者熟悉度对8-10岁儿童悲伤共情反应主效应显著。当旁观者为熟悉的人时儿童的共情反应显著高于旁观者为陌生人时儿童的共情反应。2.旁观者年龄对8-10岁儿童悲伤共情反应主效应显著。当旁观者为同龄人时儿童的共情反应显著高于旁观者为成年人时儿童的共情反应。3.儿童年龄对8-10岁儿童悲伤共情反应主效应显著。10岁儿童的共情反应显著高于8岁儿童和9岁儿童,而8岁儿童和9岁儿童的共情反应之间不存在显著差异。4.儿童年龄与旁观者年龄之间存在交互效应。对于8岁儿童,旁观者年龄对儿童的共情反应影响不显著。对于9岁儿童,当旁观者为同龄时儿童共情水平显著高于旁观者为成人时。对于10岁儿童,当旁观者为同龄时与旁观者为成人时儿童的共情反应不存在显著差异。5.儿童性别与旁观者熟悉度之间存在交互效应。对于男性儿童,旁观者为熟悉时儿童的共情反应显著高于旁观者为陌生时。对于女性儿童,旁观者为熟悉时儿童的共情反应显著高于旁观者为陌生时。6.儿童性别与年龄的交互效应显著。对于女性儿童,年龄的影响显著,其中10岁儿童的共情反应显著高于8岁和9岁儿童,,且显著高于男性10岁儿童,而8岁和9岁儿童共情反应没有显著差异。对于男性儿童,年龄影响较为显著,其中10岁儿童的共情反应显著高于8岁和9岁儿童,8岁儿童共情反应显著高于9岁儿童,且显著高于8岁女性儿童。而9岁儿童共情反应在性别上没有显著差异。
[Abstract]:Empathy is a kind of emotional response that is consistent with other people's emotional state or situation. Empathy not only includes the correct and appropriate emotional response of individual, but also requires cognitive participation, which is an important influencing factor in interpersonal communication. Some studies have shown that empathy also affects the prosocial behavior of individuals, so it is necessary to study empathy. As a kind of social psychological phenomenon, empathy usually occurs according to a certain situational clue, in addition to showing a certain age difference and gender difference in the process of individual development. This paper explores whether the presence of bystanders of different ages (same age and adult age, different familiarity (familiarity and unfamiliar) in public situations has an impact on the sad empathy of children. This effect is regulated by other factors alone or by other factors. 180 children aged 8 to 10 years old were tested by situational story method. The data were measured repeatedly by ANOVA, and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The major effect of bystander familiarity on sad empathy in children aged 8-10 years was significant. When the bystander is a familiar person, the empathy reaction of the child is significantly higher than that of the child when the bystander is a stranger. 2. The age of bystander had significant effect on the emotional response of children aged 8-10 years. When the bystander was a peer, the empathy reaction of children was significantly higher than that of children with bystander as adults. 3. The main effect of children aged 8 to 10 was significant. The empathic response of children aged 10 was significantly higher than that of children aged 8 and 9, but there was no significant difference between children aged 8 and 9. There is an interaction between the age of children and the age of bystanders. For 8-year-old children, the age of bystander had no significant effect on the empathy of children. For 9-year-old children, the level of empathy was significantly higher when the bystander was the same age than when the bystander was an adult. For 10 years old children, there was no significant difference in the empathy reaction between the bystander and the bystander when the bystander was the same age and the bystander was the adult. There is an interaction between child gender and bystander familiarity. For male children, the empathy of the bystander was significantly higher than that of the bystander. For female children, the empathy response of bystander when they were familiar was significantly higher than that of bystander when they were unfamiliar. 6. The interaction between gender and age was significant. For female children, the influence of age was significant. The empathy reaction of 10-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds, and significantly higher than that of male 10-year-olds, but there was no significant difference between 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds. For male children, the influence of age was significant, and the empathy reaction of 10-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds, and significantly higher than that of 9-year-olds, and significantly higher than that of 8-year-old female children. However, there was no significant gender difference in empathy among 9-year-old children.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.1

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