不同自尊类型者的解释偏向研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 13:32

本文选题：自尊类型 + 安全型高自尊　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当你在台上认真作报告时，你看见坐在后排的一个人笑了起来。此时你是认为那个人在嘲笑自己，还是认为那个人笑是因为自己报告得很精彩，还是因为那个人想到了一些高兴的事情。面对同样的情景，有些人会做出消极解释，有些人则会做出积极解释。这个过程中就涉及到个体的解释偏向。解释偏向是对模棱两可（含糊）信息做出积极或消极解释的一种倾向。模棱两可的信息是指信息的含义是含糊不清的，不确定的，既可以被理解为积极或中性意义，又可以被理解为消极或威胁意义。解释偏向属于一种认知偏差，，根据个体理解信息的时间维度，研究者将其分为延时解释偏向和即时解释偏向。如果一个人将模棱两可信息理解为积极的，那么这个人可能会认为自己是有能力的、受欢迎的；反之，则会认为自己没有能力，不受欢迎。作为个性系统的一个重要组成部分，自尊对个体的认知过程和认知结果产生重要的影响。自尊水平不同，个体表现出来的认知特点也不相同。目前有关自尊的认知加工偏好方面的研究大多围绕于自我服务归因以及注意、记忆领域，对解释偏向的研究还很少。自我服务归因属于认知加工方式上的认知偏向，注意偏向、记忆偏向、解释偏向则属于认知加工内容上的认知偏向。而且已有的研究大多数都是以外显自尊水平的高低作为分组标准来筛选被试。随着内隐自尊研究的兴起和深入，研究者们开始意识到，自尊的认知加工偏向是在无意识水平上进行的信息加工过程，忽略内隐自尊的作用，而仅仅以外显自尊水平的高低作为划分标准显得过于单一。本研究主要采用内隐测验（IAT）和外显量表测量方法分别对内隐自尊和外显自尊进行测量，根据一定的划分标准分别筛选出高低水平组，然后将二者的高低水平结合并组合成四种自尊类型，探讨不同自尊类型者的延时和即时解释偏向特点。研究结果表明： 1、脆弱型高自尊者在延时和即时时都表现出积极的解释偏向，安全型高自尊者仅表现出积极的延时解释偏向。一致性低自尊和不一致低自尊不存在解释偏向。 2、相比较于其他三种自尊类型者，脆弱型高自尊者有更明显的积极解释偏向；四种自尊类型者之间的消极解释偏向不存在差异。 3、相对于社交情境，在非社交情境下四种类型自尊者都表现出延时消极解释偏向。 4、相对于社交情境，在非社交情境下一致性低自尊者对自我事件表现出延时积极解释偏向；相对于自我事件，一致性低自尊在非社交情境下对他人事件表现出延时积极解释偏向。
[Abstract]:You saw a man in the back row laughing while you were on the stage giving a serious presentation. Do you think that person is laughing at himself, or is that person laughing because he is reporting well, or is that person thinking of something happy. Faced with the same situation, some people will make negative explanations, others will make positive explanations. This process involves individual interpretations of bias. Interpretation bias is a tendency to interpret ambiguous (ambiguous) information positively or negatively. Ambiguous information means that the meaning of information is ambiguous and uncertain, which can be understood as positive or neutral meaning, as well as negative or threatening meaning. Interpretation bias is a kind of cognitive bias. According to the time dimension of individual understanding information, researchers divide it into delay interpretation bias and instant interpretation bias. If one interprets ambiguous information as positive, one may consider himself capable and welcome; conversely, one may consider himself incapable and unwelcome. As an important part of personality system, self-esteem plays an important role in cognitive process and cognitive outcome. The cognitive characteristics of individuals are different with different levels of self-esteem. At present, most of the researches on cognitive processing preference of self-esteem focus on self-service attribution and attention, memory, and the study of explanatory bias is still rare. Self-service attribution belongs to cognitive bias in cognitive processing, attention bias, memory bias and interpretation bias in cognitive processing content. Moreover, most of the previous studies are based on explicit self-esteem as a grouping criterion to screen participants. With the rise and deepening of implicit self-esteem researchers begin to realize that cognitive processing bias of self-esteem is a process of information processing at the unconscious level ignoring the role of implicit self-esteem. However, the level of explicit self-esteem is too single as the criterion of classification. In this study, implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem were measured by implicit Test (IAT) and explicit scale respectively. Then combining the high and low levels of the two into four types of self-esteem, the characteristics of delay and instant interpretation bias of different types of self-esteem are discussed. The results showed that: 1) the vulnerable type of high self-esteem showed positive interpretation bias in both the delay and the immediate time, while the safe type of high self-esteem only showed positive delay interpretation bias. There is no interpretation bias between consistent low self-esteem and inconsistent low self-esteem. 2. Compared with the other three types of self-esteem, the vulnerable type of high self-esteem has a more obvious positive interpretation bias; There was no difference in negative interpretation bias among the four types of self-esteem. 3. Compared with social situation, the four types of self-esteem showed delayed negative interpretation bias. 4, relative to social situation. In non-social context, consistent low self-esteem showed a delay positive interpretation bias to self-events, and consistent low self-esteem showed a delayed positive interpretation bias to others' events in non-social context.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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