性取向对面孔情绪识别的性别注意偏向及脑单侧化优势的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 06:58

本文选题：性取向 + 性别注意偏向　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：性取向的不同究竟是受先天因素影响还是后天因素影响一直饱受争议,神经激素理论的支持者认为性取向受先天因素影响更大,与个体的雄激素水平和脑部结构差异关联密切,另一部分研究者则认为后天因素影响更大,性别角色,社会期待等方面对人的性取向有重大影响。即支持性取向受先天因素影响的研究者认为同性恋的脑部结构与性别注意偏向与异性恋是不同的,而支持性取向受后天因素影响更大的研究者认为同性恋与异性恋并不存在脑部结构差异。本研究实验一采用判断任务范式,以性别注意偏向指标来探究性别注意偏向是否与性取向相关,若不同性取向被试的性别注意偏向存在差异,则认为性取向会影响性别注意偏向的研究结果。那么应该考虑以往研究中结果不一致的地方可能是因为被试中混杂了同性恋者的原因。实验二采用嵌合面孔实验(嵌合面孔为同一个人的半边中性情绪面孔和半边其他情绪面孔拼成的)所得的侧化商数,以脑单侧化优势指标来探究同性恋与异性恋的脑单侧化优势是否存在差异,借此推断同性恋与异性恋的脑部结构是否存在差异,若存在差异则倾向于支持性取向是受先天因素影响更大,若不存在差异则支持性取向受后天因素影响更大的理论。并通过对眼动数据的分析来对比异性恋被试与同性恋被试识别面孔时的视觉加工策略是否存在差异。另外实验一和实验二中都加入了高兴,生气,恐惧这三种以往研究结果中表明可能会影响被试性别注意偏向的情绪面孔,且Rahman和Anchassi(2012)的研究发现被试在识别这三种面孔时的脑单侧化优势最为显著。若结果显示情绪性确实会影响被试的性别注意偏向和脑单侧化优势,则后续研究应该进一步讨论被试在识别这些情绪时候的内部加工策略是否存在差异。结果显示:(1)从反应时指标来看异性恋女性,异性恋男性,同性恋女性识别女性面孔的速度都快于识别男性面孔。异性恋女性和同性恋女性识别女性面孔的正确率高于识别男性面孔的正确率,但是异性恋男性识别男性面孔和女性面孔的正确率没有差异。面孔的情绪性并不影响被试的性别注意偏向,无论是哪一种情绪,三种被试都是识别女性面孔的表现好于识别男性面孔。女性识别男性中性面孔的速度快于男性。(2)从侧化商数指标来看,异性恋男性,异性恋女性,同性恋女性三者的侧化商数都大于零即偏向于选择左侧,在识别面孔时总体来讲均为右脑单侧化优势,且不存在显著差异。被试对不同情绪性嵌合面孔的脑单侧化优势不存在差异。(3)从眼动数据来看,同性恋女性识别面孔的方式与异性恋男性更相似。综上所述,不同性取向的女性被试性别注意偏向和脑单侧化优势不存在差异,因此我们更支持社会文化的性别和性取向差异理论。
[Abstract]:Whether sexual orientation is influenced by congenital factors or acquired factors has been controversial. Proponents of neurohormone theory believe that sexual orientation is more influenced by congenital factors, and is closely related to individual levels of androgen and brain structure. Other researchers believe that acquired factors have a greater impact on sexual orientation, gender roles, social expectations and other aspects have a significant impact on people's sexual orientation. That is, researchers who support sexual orientation as a result of innate factors argue that the brain structure of homosexuals is different from gender bias to heterosexuality. Researchers who support the fact that sexual orientation is more affected by acquired factors argue that there is no difference in brain structure between homosexuality and heterosexuality. In the first experiment, we use the judgment task paradigm to explore whether the gender attention bias is related to sexual orientation, if there are differences in gender attention bias among the subjects with different sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is thought to affect gender bias. It should be considered that inconsistencies in previous studies may be due to a mix of homosexuals. In experiment 2, the lateralization quotient of chimeric faces (half neutral emotional faces of the same person and half other emotional faces) was used. Using the index of unilateral advantage of brain to explore whether there are differences in the advantages of homophobia and heterosexuality, and to infer whether there are differences in brain structure between homosexuals and heterosexuals. If there are differences, they tend to support the theory that sexual orientation is more influenced by innate factors, and that sexual orientation is more influenced by acquired factors if there is no difference. The visual processing strategies of heterosexual subjects and gay subjects were compared by the analysis of eye movement data. In addition, in both experiment 1 and experiment 2, three previous studies, happiness, anger and fear, showed that they might affect the emotional faces of the participants' attention bias. Rahman and Anchassi (2012) showed the most significant advantage in the recognition of these three faces. If the results show that emotion does affect the gender bias and the advantage of unilateral brain, the further study should discuss whether there are differences in internal processing strategies in identifying these emotions. The results showed that: (1) heterosexual, heterosexual and gay women recognize female faces faster than male faces. Heterosexual women and gay women recognize female faces more accurately than male faces, but heterosexual men recognize male faces and female faces correctly, but there is no difference between heterosexual and gay women. The emotional nature of the faces did not affect the gender bias of the subjects. No matter which emotion they were, the three subjects were better at recognizing female faces than on male faces. Women recognize male neutral faces faster than men. (2) according to the index of lateralization quotient, heterosexual men, heterosexual women and gay women all have greater lateralization quotient than zero, that is, they tend to choose the left side. In recognition of faces, all of them showed the advantage of unilateral right brain, and there was no significant difference. There was no difference in the advantages of unilateral brain in different emotional chimeric faces. (3) from the eye movement data, gay women recognized faces in a more similar way than heterosexual men. In conclusion, there is no difference in gender attention bias and brain unilateral advantage among women with different sexual orientation, so we support the theory of gender and sexual orientation difference of social culture.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

【相似文献】