基于形声字规则性效应的心理定势形成和打破机制

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:29

本文选题：心理定势 + 形声字　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：心理定势是心理活动的一种准备状态,是在知识、经验的影响下解决问题时的倾向性。早在19世纪末20世纪初,就有大量学者研究心理定势在日常生活中的重要性,并将其作为解释一切心理现象的核心概念。继Luchins经典水罐实验范式后,对心理定势研究多在此基础上或对其改编进而研究心理定势过程。但水罐实验无法直接通过被试的反应结果分析被试是否打破了心理定势,并且难以用于研究心理定势相关的神经生理机制。关于心理定势打破相关的神经机制研究,大多是从顿悟问题解决中的限制解除和组块破解角度出发的。但是顿悟问题解决中的心理定势打破过程,打破的是长时记忆中的有关的知识、经验,与实验室情境中习得的、短时记忆打破的心理定势不同。基于形声字规则性效应,通过三个实验考察心理定势形成和心理定势打破的认知神经机制。研究发现：实验一在部首一致情况下,心理定势引导条件的多个规则字让被试形成心理定势——相同部首与声旁组合成的汉字其读音与声旁相同。结果表明心理定势引导条件的规则字反应时显著快于对照组,其正确率也显著高于对照组,即形声字命名任务在实验室条件下诱发了心理定势；但心理定势打破效应不显著。实验一表明形声字规则性效应能有效形成心理定势。实验二在实验一的基础上进一步匹配材料,在部首不一致时发现心理定势形成效应显著,同时心理定势打破效应也显著——心理定势引导条件的不规则字反应时显著长于对照组,其正确率显著低于对照组。以实验一和实验二为基础,实验三采用ERP技术,通过比较心理定势引导条件规则字与对照条件探讨心理定势形成效应,比较心理定势引导条件不规则字与对照条件探讨心理定势打破效应。结果发现,在250-400ms时间窗内,心理定势引导条件规则字相比对照条件有更大的正走向成分P250-400,可能与记忆更新、编码和检索有关,表明在心理定势形成条件时的促进效应。而在400-800ms时间窗内,心理定势引导条件不规则字与对照条件相比有一个更小的负成分N400-800,与心理定势效应的抑制有关,进而促进心理定势打破过程。
[Abstract]:Mental stereotype is a state of preparation of psychological activity, which is the tendency of solving problems under the influence of knowledge and experience. As early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of scholars have studied the importance of psychological stereotype in daily life, and regard it as the core concept to explain all psychological phenomena. After Luchins' classical experimental paradigm of water tank, the study of psychological stereotype is based on it or adapted to study the process of psychological stereotype. However, the water pot experiment could not directly analyze whether the subjects broke the psychological stereotype or not, and could not be used to study the neurophysiological mechanism related to psychological setting. Most of the researches on the neural mechanism of mental stereotype breaking are based on the lifting of the limitation in the solution of epiphany problem and the breaking of the block. But the process of mental stereotype breaking in the problem solving of epiphany is different from the mental stereotype acquired in laboratory and broken in short time memory by breaking the knowledge and experience of long term memory. Based on the regular effect of phonetic characters, the cognitive neural mechanism of mental stereotype formation and mental stereotype breaking is investigated through three experiments. The results show that in the case of consistent radical, many regular words of mental stereotype lead the subjects to form psychological stereotype-the pronunciation and sound side of the Chinese characters combined with the same radical and sound side are the same. The results showed that the reaction time of regular words under mental stereotype guidance conditions was significantly faster than that of the control group, and its correct rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, that is, the naming task of pictophonetic characters induced psychological stereotype under laboratory conditions, but the breaking effect of mental stereotype was not significant. Experiment 1 shows that the regular effect of phonetic characters can effectively form psychological stereotype. Experiment two further matched the material on the basis of experiment 1. When the radical was inconsistent, it was found that the psychological stereotype formation effect was significant. At the same time, the breaking effect of mental stereotype was also significant-the time of irregular character reaction of mental stereotype guiding condition was significantly longer than that of control group, and its correct rate was significantly lower than that of control group. On the basis of experiment 1 and experiment 2, experiment 3 uses ERP technology to discuss the forming effect of mental stereotype by comparing the words of mental set leading condition rule with that of control condition. To explore the effect of breaking mental stereotype by comparing the abnormal words of mental stereotype with that of control. The results showed that, in the 250-400ms time window, the P250-400, which may be related to memory renewal, coding and retrieval, was more positive than the control condition, indicating the promoting effect in the forming condition of mental set. In the 400-800ms time window, there is a smaller negative component N400-800 in the mental stereotype leading irregular words compared with the control condition, which is related to the inhibition of the psychological stereotype effect, and then promotes the mental stereotype breaking process.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】