决策风格、框架效应对风险决策的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 11:38

本文选题：风险决策 + 决策风格　；参考：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着决策研究的发展和深入,风险决策在管理学、心理学等多个学科领域都成为倍受瞩目的研究焦点,研究者们逐渐开始重视个体心理特征对风险决策的影响,多种个体心理特征与决策的相关理论也因此而产生,各种理论虽然说法不一,但是有一点是相同的——个体心理特征中个体的决策风格与风险决策有着密切的关系,但有关不同类型的决策风格是如何对风险决策倾向产生影响作用的实证研究比较少,基于此现状本研究试图深入探讨决策风格对风险决策的影响作用。自从Kahneman和Tversky提出框架效应以来,框架效应与风险决策关系的研究一直是风险决策领域研究的热点,国内外的学者对框架效应与风险决策的关系展开了大量的研究,但是对于讨论两个变量即决策风格和框架共同作用于风险决策的研究比较缺乏。因此,本研究从心理学角度,采用心理学实验方法,研究决策风格和框架效应对风险决策的共同影响作用,并探索决策风格在框架效应和风险决策关系之间的调节作用。本研究以山西省的在校大学生为被试,首先探讨了四种决策风格类型对风险决策倾向的不同影响作用；其次对框架效应的存在问题进行验证,并分析了获益和损失两种框架对风险决策倾向的影响机制；最后采用4×2的被试间实验设计,探讨不同决策风格类型和不同框架变量对风险决策倾向的共同影响,同时探讨决策风格对框架效应和风险决策关系之间的调节作用。本研究用SPSS16.0统计软件对研究数据进行了描述性统计分析、多因素方差分析、多重事后检验(LSD)、简单效应分析等,得出以下的研究结论：1、不同类型的决策风格对风险决策倾向有着不同的影响作用：直觉-冲动型和逃避型决策风格对风险决策倾向的影响有显著差异,而理智型和依赖型两种决策风格对风险决策倾向的影响差异不显著；2、不同的框架效应对风险决策倾向有不同的影响作用：被试在获益框架下倾向于风险规避,而在损失框架下更倾向于冒险；3、决策风格和框架效应共同作用于同一风险情境中,都对风险决策倾向产生影响,并对风险决策倾向的影响存在交互作用；4、决策风格在框架效应和风险决策倾向的关系之间起调节作用：理智型和依赖型的决策风格者在获益的框架下是风险规避的,而在损失框架下则表现为风险偏好；直觉-冲动型的决策风格者在两种框架下都表现为风险偏好,但是在损失情境中风险偏好表现的更加明显；逃避型的决策风格者则在两种框架下都是风险规避的,但在获益框架下风险规避的倾向增加。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development and deepening of decision making research, risk decision making has become the focus of research in many disciplines such as management, psychology and so on. Researchers have gradually begun to attach importance to the impact of individual psychological characteristics on risk decision-making. Many kinds of individual psychological characteristics and the relevant theories of decision making are also produced. Although the theories are different, one thing is that the individual's decision style in the individual psychological characteristics is closely related to the risk decision making. However, there are few empirical studies on how different types of decision-making styles affect risk decision-making tendency. Based on this situation, this study attempts to explore the impact of decision-making styles on risk decision-making. Since Kahneman and Tversky put forward the frame effect, the research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision making has been a hot topic in the field of risk decision. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision making. However, there is a lack of research on the role of two variables, that is, decision style and framework, in risk decision making. Therefore, from the perspective of psychology, this study studies the influence of decision style and frame effect on risk decision, and explores the role of decision style in regulating the relationship between frame effect and risk decision. This study, taking the college students in Shanxi Province as the subjects, first discusses the different effects of four types of decision-making styles on the risk decision-making tendency, and then verifies the existing problems of the frame effect. The influence mechanism of benefit and loss on risk decision-making tendency is analyzed, and the influence of different decision styles and different frame variables on risk decision tendency is discussed by using 4 脳 2 experiment design. At the same time, the effect of decision style on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision is discussed. In this study, descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate variance analysis, multiple post test (LSD), simple effect analysis and so on were carried out with SPSS 16.0 statistical software. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) different types of decision-making styles have different effects on risk decision propensity: intuitionistic, impulsive and evasive decision styles have significant effects on risk decision propensity. However, there is no significant difference between rational and dependent decision styles on risk decision-making tendency. Different frame effects have different effects on risk decision-making tendency: subjects tend to avoid risk under the benefit framework. But under the loss frame, the decision-making style and the frame effect act together in the same risk situation, both have the influence on the risk decision tendency, and have the interaction to the risk decision tendency influence. (4) Decision-making style regulates the relationship between frame effect and risk decision tendency: rational and dependent decision stylist is risk-averse under the frame of benefit, but risk preference is shown in the frame of loss; The intuitionistic and impulsive decision stylistics showed risk preference in both frameworks, but the risk preference was more obvious in the loss context, while the evasive decision style was risk-averse under both frameworks. But risk aversion increases under the benefit framework.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】