维族与汉族的情绪差异：文化、性别和注意的作用

发布时间：2018-07-11 17:10

本文选题：情绪 + 跨文化　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：情绪在日常生活和人类进化中都起到非常重要的作用,它包含积极情绪和消极情绪两个独立的维度。由于情绪加工过程受到生物因素和文化因素的双重影响,情绪既具有普遍性又具有文化特异性。情绪的文化特异性主要表现在不同文化模式下的情绪体验是不同的。众多研究结果发现个体主义文化模式下个体以两极的方式体验情绪,集体主义文化模式下个体则以中庸、辩证的方式体验情绪,具体表现为个体主义文化比集体主义文化的个体具有更多的积极情绪和消极情绪,同时积极情绪和消极情绪呈显著负相关。此外,性别也是影响情绪的一个重要因素,在情绪识别、情绪记忆、情绪易感性和情绪表达等方面男性和女性都存在着显著的差异,总体来说,女性对消极情绪信息更敏感。现阶段大量的情绪跨文化研究都是针对东西方文化的对比,而缺少对同一国家内部的亚文化研究。我国是个多民族国家,很多民族都有自己的语言、文字、习俗和宗教信仰,也就拥有自身的亚文化特点,因此不同的民族间就会产生文化差异,然而关于我国民族间情绪差异的实证研究还鲜有见到。在中国文化背景下,不同民族间的亚文化差异对情绪会产生哪些具体的影响,其中的认知机制是什么?针对这些问题,本学位论文通过一个问卷调查和两个行为实验来探讨文化、性别和认知因素对情绪的影响。研究一采用积极消极情绪量表(PAN AS)调查维吾尔族和汉族成年人的情绪差异,结果发现维吾尔族被试比汉族被试同时具有更多的积极情绪和消极情绪。此外,男性比女性具有更多的积极情绪,然而在消极情绪上没有发现显著的性别差异。情绪感受包括情绪识别、情绪记忆、情绪评价和情绪调节等过程,其中情绪识别和情绪记忆是情绪加工过程的基础阶段。情绪的认知加工过程中会涉及到感知觉、注意、记忆和控制等认知活动。研究二比较了不同民族和不同性别被试在情绪识别上的差异。结果发现所有被试对消极情绪的反应时间显著长于积极情绪,对消极情绪出现了注意维持现象,这表明由于消极情绪具有更大的生物重要性,因此需要对其进行更深更精细的认知加工；同时,维吾尔族对所有情绪的反应时间都显著长于汉族被试,这说明维吾尔族被试出现了类似的深度认知加工效应。研究三采用“学习—再认”范式探讨了不同民族和不同性别被试在情绪记忆上的差异。结果发现被试对消极情绪的再认反应时间显著长于积极情绪,维吾尔族的再认反应时间显著长于汉族,这与情绪识别的结果类似,进一步验证了注意在情绪加工过程中起到的重要作用。此外,性别与情绪在反应时上出现显著的交互作用,女性对消极情绪的反应时显著长于男性,这可能与女性对消极情绪具有更高的认知卷入度有关。综上所述,文化和性别分别各自地对情绪产生影响,两者间没有显著的交互作用。文化因素同时影响积极情绪和消极情绪,性别因素主要影响积极情绪。维吾尔族更偏向于个体主义文化的情绪表现,但同时受到一定的集体主义文化影响。人类对消极情绪信息出现注意维持现象,对消极情绪进行了更深更复杂的认知加工。维吾尔族被试对情绪信息出现“情绪偏向”效应,在情绪识别和情绪再认任务中都产生了注意脱离困难,这说明维吾尔族被试比汉族被试对情绪信息投入了更多的认知资源,对情绪信息进行了更深度更精细的加工。女性对消极情绪的认知加工偏好导致对积极情绪的加工不够,这可能是女性具有更少的积极情绪的原因之一。
[Abstract]:Emotion plays a very important role in both daily life and human evolution. It contains two independent dimensions of positive and negative emotions. Due to the dual influence of biological and cultural factors, emotional processing is both universally and culturally specific. The cultural specificity of emotion is mainly expressed in different texts. The emotional experience in the model is different. Many research results show that individuals experience emotions in the mode of two poles under the individualistic culture mode. Under the collective culture model, the individual experience emotion with moderation and dialectical way, which shows that the individualist culture has more positive emotion and elimination than the individual of the collective sense culture. There is a significant negative correlation between positive emotion and negative emotion. In addition, gender is also an important factor affecting emotion. There are significant differences between men and women in emotion recognition, emotional memory, emotional susceptibility and emotional expression. In general, women are more sensitive to negative emotional information. A large number of emotions are in the present stage. The study of ready cross culture is aimed at the contrast between the eastern and Western cultures, and the lack of subcultural studies in the same country. China is a multi-ethnic country. Many ethnic groups have their own language, words, customs and religious beliefs, and they also have their own subcultural characteristics. Therefore, cultural differences will be produced between different nationalities. There are few empirical studies on the differences between ethnic groups. In the context of Chinese culture, what specific effects are subcultural differences among different ethnic groups on emotions, and what are the cognitive mechanisms of them? In this thesis, a questionnaire survey and two behavioral experiments are used to explore cultural, gender and cognitive factors. The influence of the mood.
A positive negative emotion scale (PAN AS) was used to investigate the emotional differences between Uygur and Han adults. The results showed that Uygur subjects had more positive and negative emotions than the Han subjects. In addition, men had more positive emotions than women, but they did not find significant gender differences in negative emotions. Different.
Emotional feelings include emotional recognition, emotional memory, emotional evaluation and emotional regulation. Emotional recognition and emotional memory are the basic stages of emotional processing. Cognitive processes in the process of emotional cognitive processing involve perceptual perception, attention, memory and control. Two the subjects of different nationalities and different sexes are compared. The results showed that all the participants responded to negative emotions significantly longer than positive emotions, and that the attention maintained on negative emotions showed that negative emotions had greater biological importance because of negative emotions, so it was necessary to have a deeper and more detailed recognition process; at the same time, the Uygur people were against all emotions. The time required was significantly longer than that of Han subjects, indicating that the Uygur subjects had similar deep cognitive processing effects.
Study three studied the differences in emotional memory of different ethnic and gender subjects using the "learning and recognition" paradigm. The results showed that the reactivity time of negative emotions was significantly longer than positive emotions, and the Uygur recognition reaction time was significantly longer than that of the Han nationality, which was similar to the result of emotional recognition. It is intended to play an important role in the process of emotional processing. In addition, there is a significant interaction between sex and emotion, and the response of women to negative emotions is significantly longer than that of men, which may be related to higher cognitive volume of negative emotions in women.
To sum up, culture and sex affect their emotions separately. There is no significant interaction between them. Cultural factors also affect positive and negative emotions, and gender factors mainly affect positive emotions. Uygur is more biased towards the emotional expression of individualistic culture, but is influenced by a certain collectivist culture at the same time. In the Uygur people, the Uygur people have had a "emotional bias" effect on the emotional information, and the Uygur people have taken attention out of the emotional identification and emotional recognition tasks. This indicates that the Uygur people are tested on the emotional information than the Han people. More cognitive resources are invested, and emotional information is processed in a deeper and more refined way. The cognitive processing preference of women to negative emotions leads to insufficient processing of positive emotions, which may be one of the reasons why women have less positive emotions.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】