Rasch模型在高中英语试题分析与题库建设中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 21:16

【摘要】：本文研究的目的在于探讨大规模考试中试题质量的分析的途径与方法及高质量题库的初步建立。由于大规模选拔性考试对教育部门和考生个体具有重大的意义，所以对其进行科学的质量分析尤为重要。通过对试题进行质量分析，可以了解试题能否最大限度地表达不同能力水平学生的能力信息，并保证一定程度的公平和公正。而题库的建立对学校教育评价体系有极大的意义。通过建立题库，可以增加学校教育评价的诊断性功能，提高学生学习效率，并从根本上减轻学生的学业负担和考试负担。本文主要应用Rasch测量理论对试题质量进行分析。Rasch模型是对题目难度和学生能力同时进行估计的一种概率模型。它根据原始数据建立学生和测验题目之间的线性测量结构，得出学生与学生、测验题目与题目以及学生与测验题目之间的关系，并把学生能力水平和题目的难度水平放在同一个等距量尺上进行比较，可以直观地看出学生的能力水平和题目的难度水平之间的差异，二者的差异越小，，测验目标越明确。这样，可以根据试题总体呈现的情况及每道题呈现的情况对试题质量进行分析。并依此为基础，结合CAT选题原则及策略，初步建立题库。本文以2014年贵州省高中第一次模拟考试中1812名考生的答题情况为例，使用Rasch模型分析软件对其进行分析。研究结果表明： 1）本次考试试题题目难度分布较好；试题能充分反应能力水平中等的考生的信息量，但不能充分反应能力水平较高的学生的信息。 2）基于Rasch模型能得到对题目客观的分析数据，便于筛选出高质量题目以建立题库。 3）Rasch模型能使建立基层教育部门建立高质量题库成为可能，并能以此为基础，针对不同考试目的或功能，进行科学组卷。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways and methods of analyzing the quality of test questions in large scale examinations and the preliminary establishment of high quality question bank. Because of the great significance of the large-scale selection examination to the education department and the examinee individual, it is very important to carry on the scientific quality analysis to it. By analyzing the quality of the test questions, we can find out whether the test questions can express the ability information of students with different ability levels to the maximum extent, and ensure a certain degree of fairness and justice. The establishment of question bank is of great significance to the evaluation system of school education. By setting up the question bank, the diagnostic function of school education evaluation can be increased, the study efficiency of students can be improved, and the burden of study and examination can be lightened fundamentally. In this paper, Rasch measurement theory is used to analyze the quality of test questions. Rasch model is a probabilistic model to estimate the difficulty of the test and the ability of the students at the same time. Based on the original data, the linear measurement structure between students and test questions is established, and the relationship between students and students, between test questions and questions, and between students and test questions is obtained. By comparing the students' ability level with the difficulty level of the subject on the same equidistant scale, the difference between the students' ability level and the difficulty level of the question can be seen intuitively. The smaller the difference between the two levels, the clearer the test goal. In this way, you can analyze the quality of the test questions according to the overall presentation and the presentation of each question. And based on this, combined with cat selection principles and strategies, the preliminary establishment of the question bank. This paper takes the results of 1812 examinees in the first simulated examination of Guizhou Province in 2014 as an example and uses Rasch model analysis software to analyze them. The results show that: 1) the difficulty distribution of the test questions is better, the test questions can fully reflect the information content of the candidates with average ability, But they can not fully respond to the higher level of students' information. 2) based on Rasch model, we can get objective analysis data on the topic. The Rasch model can make it possible to set up a high quality question bank for the basic education department, and can be used as a basis for scientific composition according to the different purpose or function of the examination.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848.2

【参考文献】