父母教养方式、自我接纳和初中生抗挫折能力的关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 08:43

【摘要】：近年来,我国经济高速发展,人们的思想观念不断更新,社会环境也日趋复杂化,当前中学生的抗挫折能力问题引起了社会各方面的广泛关注,对广大中学生进行抗挫折能力培养的呼声也越来越高。因此,本研究旨在了解初中生抗挫折能力的现状,并且通过实证研究探索影响抗挫折能力的各个因素,为今后的教育教学工作提供一定的理论和实践依据。本研究采用中学生抗挫折能力问卷、父母教养方式问卷和自我接纳问卷作为测量工具,结合实际案例探讨分析初中生抗挫折能力的现状,探讨影响初中生抗挫折能力的深层原因,并从学生的内因自我接纳和外因父母教养方式来两个部分来探讨,有一定的说明性和借鉴性。经过整理分析所搜集的数据,主要得到以下研究结论:(1)人口学变量中,抗挫折能力的寻求社会支持维度在性别上女生显著高于男生,在年级和居住地方面没有显著性差异。(2)在家庭社会经济地位上,经过单因素方差分析可得,父母的文化水平中,抗挫折能力的积极挫折观维度上差异性显著,经过事后检验可得,父母是大学及大学以上文化水平、中专文化水平以及小学文化水平这三个文化水平和初中文化水平之间差异性显著;在父母的收入水平上,抗挫折能力的积极预期维度上差异性显著,经过事后检验可得,收入水平高的家庭和收入中下水平、收入水平低的家庭之间差异性显著。抗挫折能力及其四个维度与父母的职业差异性不显著。(3)家庭教养方式中,初中生抗挫折能力与溺爱型家庭教养方式相关显著,与其他四种家庭教养方式相关性极其显著,其中,与专制型、溺爱型、忽视型家庭教养方式呈负相关,与信任鼓励型、情感温暖型家庭教养方式呈正相关;在抗挫折能力的四个维度中,积极挫折观与信任鼓励型、情感温暖型家庭教养方式呈显著正相关,与忽视型家庭教养方式呈显著负相关;积极预期与信任鼓励型、情感温暖型家庭教养方式呈显著正相关,与其他三种教养方式类型呈显著负相关;寻求社会支持与信任鼓励型、情感温暖型呈显著正相关,与专制型和忽视型呈显著负相关;积极情绪诱发与信任鼓励型和情感温暖型呈显著正相关,与忽视型呈显著负相关。(4)自我接纳中,初中生抗挫折能力以及其四个维度分别于自我接纳都呈显著正相关。(5)通过结构方程模型的构建,情感温暖型家庭教养方式既可以通过自我接纳间接正向影响抗挫折能力,也可以直接正向影响抗挫折能力;专制型和溺爱型家庭教养方式只能通过自我接纳负向影响抗挫折能力;信任鼓励型家庭教养方式直接正向影响抗挫折能力;忽视型家庭教养方式直接负向影响抗挫折能力;自我接纳直接正向影响抗挫折能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development of our country, people's ideas are constantly updated, and the social environment is becoming more and more complicated. At present, the problem of middle school students' ability to resist setbacks has aroused widespread concern in all aspects of society. For the majority of middle school students to develop the ability to resist setbacks, the voice is also increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of junior high school students' ability to resist setbacks, and through empirical research to explore the factors that affect the ability of resisting setbacks, and to provide some theoretical and practical basis for future education and teaching. This study uses the questionnaire of middle school students' ability to resist setbacks, the questionnaire of parental rearing style and the questionnaire of self-acceptance as a measuring tool, and analyzes the present situation of the ability of resisting setbacks of junior high school students with practical cases. This paper probes into the deep reasons that affect the students' ability to resist setbacks, and probes into the two parts of students' self-acceptance of internal cause and parental rearing mode of external cause, which is illustrative and instructive. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in demographic variables, the dimension of seeking social support for resistance to frustration is significantly higher in girls than boys in terms of gender. There was no significant difference in grade and place of residence. (2) in the social and economic status of family, through the analysis of variance of single factor, it was found that there was significant difference in the positive frustration view dimension of parents' educational level in the ability to resist setbacks. After examination, we can find that there are significant differences among the three levels of education and junior high school education, that is, the education level of college or above, the level of education in technical secondary school, and the level of junior high school education; in terms of the income level of parents, There are significant differences in the positive expectation dimension of the ability to resist setbacks. It can be found that the families with high income level and middle and lower income level and families with low income level have significant differences. The ability to resist setbacks and its four dimensions have no significant difference with their parents' career. (3) among the family rearing styles, junior high school students' ability to resist setbacks is significantly related to the doting family rearing style, and to the other four kinds of family rearing styles, among them, there is a significant correlation between the ability to resist setbacks and the other four kinds of family rearing styles. It has a negative correlation with autocratic, doting and neglecting family upbringing style, positive correlation with trust and encouragement type, emotional warmth type family rearing style, positive frustration view and trust encouragement type in the four dimensions of the ability to resist setbacks. There was significant positive correlation between emotional warm family rearing style and neglect family upbringing style, positive expectation and trust encouragement type, emotional warm family rearing style showed significant positive correlation. There was significant negative correlation with the other three types of upbringing: seeking social support and trust and encouragement, affective warmth, autocracy and neglect; Positive emotional induction was significantly positively correlated with trust, encouragement and emotional warmth, and negatively correlated with neglect. (4) Self-acceptance; The anti-frustration ability and its four dimensions of junior high school students were significantly positively correlated with self-acceptance. (5) through the construction of structural equation model, emotional warm family rearing style can indirectly and positively affect the anti-frustration ability through self-acceptance. It can also directly influence the ability to resist setbacks; autocratic and doting family upbringing can only influence the ability of resisting setbacks through self-acceptance, and trust and encourage family upbringing has a direct positive effect on the ability to resist setbacks. Neglect family rearing style has direct negative influence on the ability to resist setbacks, and self-acceptance has direct positive effect on anti-setback ability.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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