青少年人际信任的构成及其发展特点

发布时间：2018-07-21 21:59

【摘要】：目的揭示当代青少年的人际信任构成及特点,以供研究者进行理论研讨和教育对策研究参考。方法采用人际信任量表对方便抽取的广州市544名不同年龄阶段青少年进行横断面调查,用因子分析探究青少年人际信任的结构,用方差分析比较其发展特点。结果因子分析结果发现,青少年人际信任由对社会成员的信任(11.47%)、对社会组织的信任(9.91%)、警惕性(6.83%)、对父母师长的信任(6.51%)、对同伴行为的信任(5.91%)和对国际社会的信任(5.74%)六大因子构成,涵盖了普遍信任、特殊信任和自我防御3个方面。对不同学段的单因素方差分析结果表明,青少年人际信任具有明显的发展性特点;初中生对社会成员、社会组织和父母师长的信任均高于高中生(P值均0.05);高中生对父母师长的信任低于大学生和初中生(P值均0.01),对社会成员和社会组织的信任与大学生间差异无统计学意义。对年级和信任对象的两因素方差分析结果发现,初中组信任对象主效应显著(F=14.58,P0.01),交互作用显著(F=7.9,P0.01)。简单效应分析发现初一学生对社会成员、社会组织及父母师长的信任差异无统计学意义;初二学生对社会组织的信任高于对父母师长和社会成员的信任(P值均0.01),对父母师长和社会成员信任差异无统计学意义;初三学生对社会组织信任高于对父母师长信任(P=0.002),对父母师长信任高于对社会成员信任(P=0.041)。高中组年级和信任对象两个因素主效应及交互作用均不显著。大学组年级主效应不显著,信任对象主效应显著(F=29.82,P0.01),对父母师长的信任高于对社会组织的信任(P0.01),对社会组织的信任与对社会成员的信任差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中学生的人际信任处于形成期和发展期,易受青春期心理特点的影响;大学生人际信任结构趋于成熟稳定,且具有差序格局的特点。
[Abstract]:Objective to reveal the composition and characteristics of interpersonal trust in contemporary adolescents, and to provide reference for researchers to study their theories and educational countermeasures. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 544 adolescents of different ages in Guangzhou was carried out by using interpersonal trust scale. Factor analysis was used to explore the structure of interpersonal trust and the development characteristics were compared with variance analysis. Results Factor analysis showed that adolescents' interpersonal trust was composed of six factors: trust in social members (11.47%), trust in social organization (9.91%), vigilance (6.83%), trust in parents and teachers (6.51%), trust in peer behavior (5.91%) and trust in international community (5.74%). It covers three aspects: general trust, special trust and self-defense. The results of univariate ANOVA for different learning stages show that interpersonal trust among adolescents has obvious developmental characteristics, and junior high school students have a significant relationship with social members. The trust of social organization and parents was higher than that of high school students (P 0.05), the trust of high school students to parents and teachers was lower than that of college students and junior high school students (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the trust of social members and social organizations and college students. The results of variance analysis of grade and trust object showed that the main effect of trust object in junior high school group was significant (F _ (14.58) P _ (0.01) and the interaction was significant (F _ (7.9) / P _ (0.01). The simple effect analysis found that there was no significant difference in the trust of the first grade students to the social members, social organizations and parents. The second grade students' trust in social organization was higher than that in parents' teachers and social members (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the trust between parents and social members. The students' trust in social organization was higher than that in parents (P0. 002), and the trust in parents was higher than that in social members (P0. 041). The main effect and interaction between senior high school grade and trust object are not significant. The main effect of college grade was not significant, the main effect of trust object was significant (FF29.82% P0.01), the trust of parents and teachers was higher than that of social organization (P0.01), there was no significant difference between trust in social organization and trust in social member (P0.05). Conclusion the interpersonal trust of middle school students is in the period of formation and development, which is easy to be influenced by the psychological characteristics of adolescence, and the interpersonal trust structure of college students tends to be mature and stable, and has the characteristics of different order pattern.
【作者单位】：广州中医药大学应用心理学系;
【分类号】：B844.2

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