2011年与2014年山东省大学生自尊现状对比及影响因素分析
发布时间：2018-08-18 11:28
【摘要】：研究背景自尊能够客观地反映个体的自我价值感和对自我的态度,与大学生的人格健全和心理健康都息息相关,是评价心理健康水平的一个客观指标之一。随着我国经济社会的快速发展,在这种新的社会背景下成长的大学生,其心理健康状况应该引起社会各界的广泛重视。大学阶段是心理状态趋于成熟的重要时期,国内外大量学者研究表明,自尊对个人心境起着调节作用,自尊水平较低时,个体很难体验到积极的情绪。暴力、酒精和药物依赖等都与自尊水平密切相关。因此,分析大学生的自尊现状,为学校制定相应干预措施,为心理问题防治策略提供理论参考都具有重要的现实意义。研究目的1.研究山东省大学生的自尊现状,探讨2011年与2014年山东省大学生自尊的变化趋势。2.运用路径分析法探讨山东省大学生自尊的影响因素,构建大学生自尊影响因素的PLS路径模型并进行验证性分析。3.探讨模型内部各个影响因素对自尊的直接和间接效应,为大学生心理问题的防治提供理论依据。研究方法采用分层随机整群抽样,随机选取山东省东部、中部、西部7所大学大一至大四的在校生。按照不同专业进行分层,其中包括工科、农科、文科、理科及医学专业。一共发放问卷1500份,最终收回的有效问卷1413份,有效率为91.2%。使用大学生自尊量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)以及大学生基本信息问卷进行调查。使用Epidata建立数据库,分别运用SPSS 16.0软件和SMART 2.0软件进行数据分析和模型构建。研究结果1.大学生自尊现状结果显示：24.91%的大学生处于低自尊水平,男生和女生的低自尊检出率均为24.9%,城市的低自尊检出率比农村的高出4.7%,高年级的低自尊检出率均高于大一新生,农科专业的低自尊检出率最高。自尊量表内部各个因子中,利他自尊的低自尊检出率为27.1%,位居各因子之首。自尊总分与社会支持总分呈正相关,内部各个因子中除了整体自尊外,各个因子与社会支持量表中的各个因子均呈正相关。2.2011年与2014年大学生自尊量表得分比较：与2011年大学生自尊得分相比,2014年大学生自尊总分呈现上升趋势,在自尊量表内部因子中,学业自尊、身体自尊、社会自尊得分也呈现上升趋势,而人际自尊呈下降趋势,以上差异均具有统计学意义。3.大学生自尊影响因素的PLS路径模型的构建：经过对初始模型的反复论证,最终模型包含了家庭因素、学校因素、生活习惯因素、人际关系因素、人口学因素和社会支持因素这六个潜变量,除了生活习惯因素的路径系数在a=0.2水平上具有统计学意义外,其余变量均在a=0.01水平上具有统计学意义,表明这些潜变量均是大学生自尊的影响因素。4.各个潜变量对大学生自尊的直接和间接作用路径：家庭因素对自尊不仅有一条直接作用路径还有四条间接作用路径,分别是家庭因素→社会支持因素→自尊、家庭因素→人口学因素→自尊、家庭因素→人际关系因素→自尊、家庭因素→学校因素→自尊；学校因素对自尊有重要的直接作用同时还有三条间接作用路径,分别以社会支持因素、家庭因素、人际关系因素为中间变量；生活习惯因素的直接作用不是非常明显,但有四条间接路径,分别将社会支持因素、家庭因素、人际关系因素、学校因素作为中间变量；人际关系因素除了直接作用以外,还分别有三条以家庭因素、人口学因素、社会支持因素为中间变量的间接作用路径；人口学只有一条直接路径和一条间接路径：人口学因素→人际关系因素→自尊；社会支持因素除了对自尊的直接作用路径以外,还有三条间接路径分别是以家庭因素、人际因素和学校因素为中间变量。结论1.大学生的自尊水平整体呈上升趋势,而高年级、农科专业、利他自尊的低自尊检出率均较高,应引起家庭、学校和社会的广泛重视并采取相应的措施提高大学生自尊水平。2.社会支持水平与自尊水平密切相关,采取措施提高学生社会支持水平,从而提高自尊水平。3.大学生的自尊水平是家庭因素、学校因素、生活习惯因素、人际关系因素、人口学因素综合作用的结果。影响因素之间的作用不是相互独立的,各个变量之间是相互影响的,这些变量既是直接影响因素,也是某些因素间接作用的中间变量。对策与建议1.个人层面：大学生不但要注重对专业知识精益求精的学习,还应该注重身体素质的锻炼与心理素质的提高。(1)养成坚持锻炼身体、规律生活的习惯；(2)加强同学之间、专业之间及院系之间的学习与交流；(3)保持积极乐观的心态,增强与周围同伴的感情,建立良好的人际关系桥梁。2.家庭层面：(1)营造一个和谐的家庭氛围,父母的家庭教养方式依然不容忽视；(2)青少年应该主动参与到这种亲子关系中来,关心孝敬父母。3.学校层面：(1)定期开展心理咨询和就业指导讲座,重点针对毕业生及农科专业的学生；(2)重视学校的体育教学,制定切实可行的体育锻炼计划；(3)开展形式多样的校园活动和暑期社会实践活动,使学生获得丰富的生活体验。4.社会层面：多多给予大学生关爱与鼓励,为其创造一个安全和谐的社会环境。
[Abstract]:Background Self-esteem can objectively reflect the individual's sense of self-worth and self-attitude, which is closely related to the healthy personality and mental health of College students, and is one of the objective indicators to evaluate the level of mental health. The university stage is an important period when the psychological state tends to mature. A large number of scholars at home and abroad have shown that self-esteem plays a role in regulating individual mood. When the level of self-esteem is low, it is difficult for individuals to experience positive emotions. Violence, alcohol and drug dependence are closely related to the level of self-esteem. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the status quo of college students'self-esteem, to formulate corresponding intervention measures for schools, and to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of psychological problems. This paper constructs a PLS path model of influencing factors of College Students'self-esteem and makes a validation analysis. 3. Discusses the direct and indirect effects of each influencing factor on self-esteem in the model to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of College Students' psychological problems. According to different majors, including engineering, agriculture, arts, science and medicine, 1500 questionnaires were distributed to the students of seven universities in eastern, central and Western provinces, and 1413 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 91.2%. The results showed that 24.91% of college students were in low self-esteem level, 24.9% of boys and girls were in low self-esteem detection rate, urban low self-esteem test. 2. The rate of low self-esteem was 4.7% higher than that in the countryside. The detection rate of low self-esteem in Senior was higher than that of freshmen. The detection rate of low self-esteem in agricultural specialty was the highest. In addition to self-esteem, each factor was positively correlated with each factor in the Social Support Scale. 2. Comparing the self-esteem score of 2011 with that of 2014, the total score of self-esteem of college students in 2014 showed an upward trend. Among the internal factors of the self-esteem scale, academic self-esteem, physical self-esteem and social self-esteem also showed an upward trend. There is a rising trend, but interpersonal self-esteem is declining, the above differences are statistically significant. 3. The construction of PLS path model of college students'self-esteem: After repeated demonstration of the initial model, the final model includes family factors, school factors, life habits, interpersonal relationships, demographic factors and social support factors. The six latent variables, except the path coefficient of life habit factors at a = 0.2 level, were statistically significant at a = 0.01 level, indicating that these latent variables are the influencing factors of college students'self-esteem. 4. The direct and indirect path of each latent variable on college students' self-esteem: family factors Self-esteem has not only one direct path but also four indirect paths, which are family factor, social support factor, self-esteem, family factor, demographic factor, self-esteem, family factor, interpersonal factor, self-esteem, family factor, school factor and self-esteem. There are three indirect paths, which are social support factor, family factor and interpersonal relationship factor as the intermediate variables; the direct effect of life habit factor is not very obvious, but there are four indirect paths, which take social support factor, family factor, interpersonal relationship factor and school factor as the intermediate variables; interpersonal relationship factor in addition to interpersonal relationship factor. Besides direct effects, there are three indirect paths with family factors, demographic factors and social support factors as intermediate variables; demography has only one direct path and one indirect path: demographic factors interpersonal relationship factors self-esteem; social support factors besides the direct path of self-esteem, there are also social support factors. The three indirect paths are family factors, interpersonal factors and school factors as the intermediate variables. Conclusion 1. The overall level of self-esteem of college students is on the rise, while the detection rate of low self-esteem of higher grades, Agricultural Majors and altruistic self-esteem is higher. Families, schools and society should pay more attention to it and take corresponding measures to improve college students'self-esteem. 2. The level of social support is closely related to the level of self-esteem. Measures should be taken to improve the level of social support so as to improve the level of self-esteem. Individual level: College students should not only pay attention to the study of professional knowledge, but also pay attention to physical training and psychological quality improvement. (1) Forming persistent forging. Exercise, regular habits of life; (2) Strengthen learning and communication among students, majors and departments; (3) Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, enhance the feelings with the surrounding peers, and establish a good interpersonal relationship bridge. 2. Family level: (1) to create a harmonious family atmosphere, parents'family upbringing is still not to be ignored. (2) Young people should take the initiative to participate in this kind of parent-child relationship and care for their parents. 3. School level: (1) Regular psychological counseling and employment guidance lectures, focusing on graduates and students majoring in agriculture; (2) Attention to physical education in schools, formulate practical physical training programs; (3) Carry out a variety of forms of campus. Activities and summer social practice activities, so that students get rich life experience. 4. Social level: to give more care and encouragement to college students, to create a safe and harmonious social environment.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B848
[Abstract]:Background Self-esteem can objectively reflect the individual's sense of self-worth and self-attitude, which is closely related to the healthy personality and mental health of College students, and is one of the objective indicators to evaluate the level of mental health. The university stage is an important period when the psychological state tends to mature. A large number of scholars at home and abroad have shown that self-esteem plays a role in regulating individual mood. When the level of self-esteem is low, it is difficult for individuals to experience positive emotions. Violence, alcohol and drug dependence are closely related to the level of self-esteem. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the status quo of college students'self-esteem, to formulate corresponding intervention measures for schools, and to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of psychological problems. This paper constructs a PLS path model of influencing factors of College Students'self-esteem and makes a validation analysis. 3. Discusses the direct and indirect effects of each influencing factor on self-esteem in the model to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of College Students' psychological problems. According to different majors, including engineering, agriculture, arts, science and medicine, 1500 questionnaires were distributed to the students of seven universities in eastern, central and Western provinces, and 1413 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 91.2%. The results showed that 24.91% of college students were in low self-esteem level, 24.9% of boys and girls were in low self-esteem detection rate, urban low self-esteem test. 2. The rate of low self-esteem was 4.7% higher than that in the countryside. The detection rate of low self-esteem in Senior was higher than that of freshmen. The detection rate of low self-esteem in agricultural specialty was the highest. In addition to self-esteem, each factor was positively correlated with each factor in the Social Support Scale. 2. Comparing the self-esteem score of 2011 with that of 2014, the total score of self-esteem of college students in 2014 showed an upward trend. Among the internal factors of the self-esteem scale, academic self-esteem, physical self-esteem and social self-esteem also showed an upward trend. There is a rising trend, but interpersonal self-esteem is declining, the above differences are statistically significant. 3. The construction of PLS path model of college students'self-esteem: After repeated demonstration of the initial model, the final model includes family factors, school factors, life habits, interpersonal relationships, demographic factors and social support factors. The six latent variables, except the path coefficient of life habit factors at a = 0.2 level, were statistically significant at a = 0.01 level, indicating that these latent variables are the influencing factors of college students'self-esteem. 4. The direct and indirect path of each latent variable on college students' self-esteem: family factors Self-esteem has not only one direct path but also four indirect paths, which are family factor, social support factor, self-esteem, family factor, demographic factor, self-esteem, family factor, interpersonal factor, self-esteem, family factor, school factor and self-esteem. There are three indirect paths, which are social support factor, family factor and interpersonal relationship factor as the intermediate variables; the direct effect of life habit factor is not very obvious, but there are four indirect paths, which take social support factor, family factor, interpersonal relationship factor and school factor as the intermediate variables; interpersonal relationship factor in addition to interpersonal relationship factor. Besides direct effects, there are three indirect paths with family factors, demographic factors and social support factors as intermediate variables; demography has only one direct path and one indirect path: demographic factors interpersonal relationship factors self-esteem; social support factors besides the direct path of self-esteem, there are also social support factors. The three indirect paths are family factors, interpersonal factors and school factors as the intermediate variables. Conclusion 1. The overall level of self-esteem of college students is on the rise, while the detection rate of low self-esteem of higher grades, Agricultural Majors and altruistic self-esteem is higher. Families, schools and society should pay more attention to it and take corresponding measures to improve college students'self-esteem. 2. The level of social support is closely related to the level of self-esteem. Measures should be taken to improve the level of social support so as to improve the level of self-esteem. Individual level: College students should not only pay attention to the study of professional knowledge, but also pay attention to physical training and psychological quality improvement. (1) Forming persistent forging. Exercise, regular habits of life; (2) Strengthen learning and communication among students, majors and departments; (3) Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, enhance the feelings with the surrounding peers, and establish a good interpersonal relationship bridge. 2. Family level: (1) to create a harmonious family atmosphere, parents'family upbringing is still not to be ignored. (2) Young people should take the initiative to participate in this kind of parent-child relationship and care for their parents. 3. School level: (1) Regular psychological counseling and employment guidance lectures, focusing on graduates and students majoring in agriculture; (2) Attention to physical education in schools, formulate practical physical training programs; (3) Carry out a variety of forms of campus. Activities and summer social practice activities, so that students get rich life experience. 4. Social level: to give more care and encouragement to college students, to create a safe and harmonious social environment.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B848
【参考文献】
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1 李晓苗;张芳芳;孙昕，
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