动作类游戏玩家的视觉工作记忆优势及相关机制
发布时间：2018-08-18 12:56
【摘要】：视觉工作记忆对于个体获取视觉信息以及高级认知活动都至关重要。前人的研究从不同方面表明动作类游戏玩家有视觉工作记忆优势,但对产生这种优势的相应机制的研究却不多。本研究采用经典的变化觉察范式(记忆屏、记忆保持和反应屏),试图通过认知和神经两方面来解释动作类游戏玩家的视觉工作记忆优势。在实验一中,为了证实游戏玩家在视觉工作记忆上确实存在优势,我们采用色块刺激的变化察觉范式,比较游戏玩家与非游戏玩家的任务表现差异。结果显示,游戏玩家的记忆容量以及任务表现(正确率和辨别率)都要显著地好于非游戏玩家。实验二则试图探索游戏玩家这种优势的认知机制,我们采用另一种色块刺激的变化觉察范式,安排了三个任务：任务一改变记忆屏呈现时间；任务二与任务三加入线索,前者改变线索与记忆屏的延迟时间,后者固定线索与记忆屏的延迟时间,而改变线索与反应屏的延迟时间。结果显示,玩家在三个任务上的正确率都显著地高于非玩家,更重要的是,玩家在任务二中的优势受延迟时间的影响,表明玩家能更好地防止记忆的衰退。实验三则试图探索这种优势的神经机制,我们采用与实验一相同的实验范式,同时采用脑电技术记录并通过神经振荡(ERD/ERS)神经指标分析两组在进行视觉工作记忆任务时的大脑活动差异。结果显示,非游戏玩家在upper alpha、lower alpha和beta三个频段上ERD/ERS值都存在记忆负荷主效应或相关的交互效应,而玩家则没有这一效应。结果表明非游戏玩家与注意以及与任务相关的脑激活随记忆负荷的增加出现显著地下降,尤其当记忆负荷为6时,与任务相关的脑激活出现抑制；而游戏玩家与注意以及与任务相关的脑激活都不随记忆负荷的增加而有显著的改变。通过上述三个实验,研究得出结论：动作类游戏玩家存在视觉工作记忆优势,这种优势可能来源于更好地防止记忆的衰退,并且更好地应对高记忆负荷任务。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role in the acquisition of visual information and advanced cognitive activities. Previous studies have shown that action gamers have the advantage of visual working memory in different ways, but few have studied the corresponding mechanism of this advantage. In the first experiment, in order to confirm the superiority of visual working memory, we used the color block stimulation change detection paradigm to compare the task performance between players and non-players. In the second experiment, we tried to explore the cognitive mechanism of this advantage. We used another color block stimulation change detection paradigm and arranged three tasks: task 1 changed the display time of memory screen; Task 2 and task 3 add cues. The former changes the delay time of cues and memory screens, while the latter fixes the delay time of cues and memory screens, and changes the delay time of cues and reaction screens. Experiments 3 attempted to explore the neural mechanisms underlying this advantage. We used the same experimental paradigm as the experiment, and recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements and analyzed brain activity differences between the two groups during visual working memory tasks by using ERD / ERS neural indicators. The results showed that the main effect or related interaction effect of memory load existed in the three bands of upper alpha, lower alpha and beta, but not in the players. The results showed that attention and task-related brain activation decreased significantly with the increase of memory load, especially in the non-game players. Task-related brain activation was inhibited when the memory load was 6, while neither attention nor task-related brain activation was significantly changed with the increase of memory load. Better prevention of memory decline and better coping with high memory tasks.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842
[Abstract]:Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role in the acquisition of visual information and advanced cognitive activities. Previous studies have shown that action gamers have the advantage of visual working memory in different ways, but few have studied the corresponding mechanism of this advantage. In the first experiment, in order to confirm the superiority of visual working memory, we used the color block stimulation change detection paradigm to compare the task performance between players and non-players. In the second experiment, we tried to explore the cognitive mechanism of this advantage. We used another color block stimulation change detection paradigm and arranged three tasks: task 1 changed the display time of memory screen; Task 2 and task 3 add cues. The former changes the delay time of cues and memory screens, while the latter fixes the delay time of cues and memory screens, and changes the delay time of cues and reaction screens. Experiments 3 attempted to explore the neural mechanisms underlying this advantage. We used the same experimental paradigm as the experiment, and recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements and analyzed brain activity differences between the two groups during visual working memory tasks by using ERD / ERS neural indicators. The results showed that the main effect or related interaction effect of memory load existed in the three bands of upper alpha, lower alpha and beta, but not in the players. The results showed that attention and task-related brain activation decreased significantly with the increase of memory load, especially in the non-game players. Task-related brain activation was inhibited when the memory load was 6, while neither attention nor task-related brain activation was significantly changed with the increase of memory load. Better prevention of memory decline and better coping with high memory tasks.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842
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