老年人认知储备与面孔识别—认知功能与加工方式的中介作用
发布时间：2018-08-22 17:54
【摘要】：面孔识别是指个体能够准确再认面孔及正确辨认面部表情的能力,主要有两种方式：二级构形加工方式与整体加工方式,其中前者是指面孔的主要特征之间的空间结构关系；而整体加工则指整合面孔的所有部位特征,构成如格式塔一般的整体进行加工处理,并非物体特征的简单集合。认知储备是指个体自适应利用神经网络对不断增加的脑损伤进行补偿的能力,它能够缓冲脑病理对临床表现的致残效应,促使个体成功应对脑病理,保障其临床表现或行为成绩达到最优化。认知功能则是指人脑加工、存储和提取信息的能力。已有证据表明认知功能与面孔识别之间存在相关关系,由于加工速度、工作记忆等-般认知功能的老化,面孔的二级构形加工方式受损,老年人的面孔识别能力也受到影响,发生增龄性衰退。而认知储备对认知能力或认知作业的保护作用己在较多研究中得到证实,因此认知储备与面孔识别之间可能存在相关关系。研究表明,面孔识别能力与二级构形、整体加工关系密切,即,二级构形加工水平越高,面孔识别能力越好；整体加工水平越高,面孔识别能力越好。同时,研究表明认知储备能够影响面孔的整体加工水平,说明认知储备与面孔的加工方式之间可能存在相关。这不仅表明认知储备与面孔识别之间可能存在相关,而且认知功能与面孔加工方式(二级构形、整体加工)在认知储备与面孔识别之间可能存在中介作用。综上,本研究试图探讨认知储备对老年人的面孔识别能力是否具有预测作用,认知功能与面孔识别的加工方式是认知储备与面孔识别的中介变量,分析认知储备、面孔识别能力、认知功能及面孔识别机制之间的影响关系和作用机制。本研究分为两项研究,均采用问卷与实验程序相结合的方式对重庆市北碚区126名社会老年人进行研究,研究一的研究目的即探索认知功能(加工速度、工作记忆与执行功能)与面孔识别机制在认知储备与面孔识别能力之间的中介作用,研究二则试图采用新的实验范式验证研究一的结果。结果发现：1、认知储备各指标中教育与面孔识别反应时显著负相关；2、加工速度在CR总分与面孔识别正确率中起完全中介作用；加工速度分别在认知储备指标-教育、1Q与面孔识别正确率中起完全中介作用。3、加工速度在CR总分与二级构形之间起完全中介作用；工作记忆、加工速度分别在认知储备指标-IQ与二级构形之间起完全中介作用。4、加工速度、二级构形在认知储备与面孔识别之间存在链式多重中介效应。
[Abstract]:Face recognition refers to the ability of an individual to recognize faces accurately and recognize facial expressions correctly. There are two main ways: the secondary configuration processing mode and the overall processing mode, the former refers to the spatial structure relationship between the main features of the face; The whole processing refers to the integration of all the features of the face, which is not the simple set of the features of the object, but the processing of the whole as the Gestalt. Cognitive reserve refers to the ability of individual adaptively using neural network to compensate for the increasing brain damage. It can buffer the disabling effect of brain pathology on clinical manifestations and promote the individual to deal with brain pathology successfully. To ensure that their clinical performance or behavioral performance is optimized. Cognitive function refers to the ability of human brain to process, store and extract information. There has been evidence that there is a correlation between cognitive function and face recognition. Due to the aging of processing speed, working memory and other cognitive functions, the secondary configuration of the face is impaired, and the ability of face recognition of the elderly is also affected. Aging recession occurs. The protective effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive ability or cognitive activity has been confirmed in many studies, so there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition. The research shows that face recognition ability is closely related to secondary configuration and overall processing, that is, the higher the level of secondary configuration processing, the better the face recognition ability, and the higher the overall processing level, the better the face recognition ability. At the same time, the study shows that cognitive reserve can affect the overall processing level of face, indicating that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face processing. This not only indicates that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition, but also that cognitive function and face processing (secondary configuration, global processing) may play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition. In summary, this study attempts to explore whether the cognitive reserve can predict the face recognition ability of the elderly. The cognitive function and the processing mode of face recognition are the intermediate variables of cognitive reserve and face recognition, and the cognitive reserve is analyzed. The influence and mechanism of face recognition ability, cognitive function and face recognition mechanism. This study is divided into two studies. The purpose of the study is to explore cognitive function (processing speed) in 126 elderly people in Beibei District of Chongqing City by means of questionnaire and experimental procedure. Working memory and executive function) and face recognition mechanism play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition ability. The second study attempts to verify the results of study one by using a new experimental paradigm. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between education and face recognition response in every index of cognitive reserve, and the processing speed played a complete intermediary role in the total CR score and the correct rate of face recognition. Processing speed plays a complete intermediary role in cognitive reserve index, education 1Q, and correct rate of face recognition, and processing speed plays a complete intermediary role between CR total score and secondary configuration, working memory, working memory, Processing speed completely mediates between cognitive reserve index -IQ and secondary configuration respectively. Processing speed and secondary configuration have chain multiple mediating effect between cognitive reserve and face recognition.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.1
本文编号：2197865
[Abstract]:Face recognition refers to the ability of an individual to recognize faces accurately and recognize facial expressions correctly. There are two main ways: the secondary configuration processing mode and the overall processing mode, the former refers to the spatial structure relationship between the main features of the face; The whole processing refers to the integration of all the features of the face, which is not the simple set of the features of the object, but the processing of the whole as the Gestalt. Cognitive reserve refers to the ability of individual adaptively using neural network to compensate for the increasing brain damage. It can buffer the disabling effect of brain pathology on clinical manifestations and promote the individual to deal with brain pathology successfully. To ensure that their clinical performance or behavioral performance is optimized. Cognitive function refers to the ability of human brain to process, store and extract information. There has been evidence that there is a correlation between cognitive function and face recognition. Due to the aging of processing speed, working memory and other cognitive functions, the secondary configuration of the face is impaired, and the ability of face recognition of the elderly is also affected. Aging recession occurs. The protective effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive ability or cognitive activity has been confirmed in many studies, so there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition. The research shows that face recognition ability is closely related to secondary configuration and overall processing, that is, the higher the level of secondary configuration processing, the better the face recognition ability, and the higher the overall processing level, the better the face recognition ability. At the same time, the study shows that cognitive reserve can affect the overall processing level of face, indicating that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face processing. This not only indicates that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition, but also that cognitive function and face processing (secondary configuration, global processing) may play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition. In summary, this study attempts to explore whether the cognitive reserve can predict the face recognition ability of the elderly. The cognitive function and the processing mode of face recognition are the intermediate variables of cognitive reserve and face recognition, and the cognitive reserve is analyzed. The influence and mechanism of face recognition ability, cognitive function and face recognition mechanism. This study is divided into two studies. The purpose of the study is to explore cognitive function (processing speed) in 126 elderly people in Beibei District of Chongqing City by means of questionnaire and experimental procedure. Working memory and executive function) and face recognition mechanism play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition ability. The second study attempts to verify the results of study one by using a new experimental paradigm. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between education and face recognition response in every index of cognitive reserve, and the processing speed played a complete intermediary role in the total CR score and the correct rate of face recognition. Processing speed plays a complete intermediary role in cognitive reserve index, education 1Q, and correct rate of face recognition, and processing speed plays a complete intermediary role between CR total score and secondary configuration, working memory, working memory, Processing speed completely mediates between cognitive reserve index -IQ and secondary configuration respectively. Processing speed and secondary configuration have chain multiple mediating effect between cognitive reserve and face recognition.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.1
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相关期刊论文 前3条
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，本文编号：2197865
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