工作记忆中央执行系统成分对简单心算影响的研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 09:46

【摘要】：心算作为一种常用的数学计算形式，，日益受到国内外数学教育者的重视。计算工具的普及并不能代替人们心算能力的发展。日常生活中购物、理财等涉及数字信息处理的事务都需要有心算的参与。进一步探明心算的过程及影响因素，是开发系统的心算训练亟待解决的问题。近年来人们发现工作记忆与数学认知有着密切的联系，计算加工中的诸多过程都需要工作记忆的参与，特别是中央执行成分，对策略选择、数位加工等有着重要影响。潜变量分析发现中央执行系统是包括三个子功能，即刷新功能、转换功能和抑制功能的多维度系统。为了给心算训练提供依据，以及进一步探讨中央执行系统的抑制和转换作用对简单心算的影响，本研究采用实验方法考察了工作记忆中央执行成分的抑制和转换功能对简单加减法心算的影响。本研究共包括2个实验，实验一采用Go/No-Go实验范式进行2（实验条件：心算任务、有抑制干扰的心算任务）×2（实验材料：简单加法、简单减法）的被试内实验设计，考察了工作记忆中央执行成分的抑制功能对简单加减法的心算的影响；实验二采用数字-计算转换的实验范式进行2（实验条件：心算任务、有转换干扰的心算任务）×2（运算类型：简单加法、简单减法）的被试内实验设计，探讨了工作记忆中央执行成分的转换功能对简单加减法的心算的影响。研究结果发现：（1）运算类型即加、减法影响心算的准确率和反应时间；（2）对于加法的心算准确率高；相同条件下，加法的反应时较减法小；（3）实验条件影响心算的反应时间，有任务干扰的条件下心算反应时延长；（4）中央执行成分不同的功能对心算过程影响程度不同，相对于抑制功能，转换功能影响程度更大；（5）有无抑制任务和加减心算两因素交互作用显著。综合以上结果，可得出如下结论：中央执行成分参与心算过程，影响心算的准确率；中央执行系统的抑制和转换功能不同程度地影响心算过程。
[Abstract]:As a commonly used form of mathematical calculation, mental arithmetic has been paid more and more attention by mathematics educators at home and abroad. The popularity of computing tools does not replace the development of mental arithmetic. In daily life, shopping, financing and other matters involving digital information processing need to be involved in mental arithmetic. Further understanding the process and influencing factors of mental arithmetic is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of mental arithmetic training. In recent years, it has been found that working memory is closely related to mathematical cognition, and many processes in computational processing require the participation of working memory, especially the central executive component, which plays an important role in strategy selection and digital processing. The analysis of latent variables shows that the central execution system is a multi-dimensional system with three sub-functions, namely, refresh function, conversion function and suppression function. In order to provide the basis for mental arithmetic training and to further explore the influence of the suppression and conversion of central execution system on simple mental arithmetic, In this study, the effects of inhibition and conversion of central executive components of working memory on simple addition and subtraction were investigated. This study consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 used Go/No-Go paradigm to design 2 (experimental conditions: mental arithmetic task, mental arithmetic task with interference suppression) 脳 2 (experimental material: simple addition, simple subtraction). The influence of the inhibitory function of central executive component of working memory on mental arithmetic of simple addition and subtraction was investigated. The experiment design in subjects of 脳 2 (operation type: simple addition, simple subtraction) was carried out. The effect of conversion function of central executive component of working memory on simple addition and subtraction was discussed. The results show that: (1) the type of operation is addition, subtraction affects the accuracy and reaction time of mental arithmetic; (2) the accuracy of mental arithmetic is high for addition; under the same conditions, the reaction time of addition is smaller than that of subtraction; (3) experimental conditions affect the reaction time of mental arithmetic. The mental arithmetic reaction time was prolonged under the condition of task interference. (4) the different functions of central executive components had different effects on the mental arithmetic process, and the conversion function had more influence on the mental arithmetic process than on the inhibition function. (5) there was significant interaction between inhibition task and mental arithmetic. Synthesizing the above results, we can draw the following conclusions: the central executive component participates in the mental arithmetic process, which affects the accuracy of the mental arithmetic; the inhibition and conversion function of the central execution system affects the mental arithmetic process to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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