简单句句子理解层面的语言转换机制研究：来自蒙—汉双语者的证据
发布时间：2018-08-30 16:55
【摘要】：双语者的语言转换研究一直是心理语言学家和语言学家关注的焦点,研究者分别从语言产生和语言理解两个层面进行研究,但是语言理解层面的研究相对较少,且多以单个词汇加工为主。同时,有限的句内语言转换的研究多是以印欧语系为主,蒙汉句内语言转换的研究尚未见过报道。蒙语和汉语隶属完全不同的语系,而且两者句子的词序有很大的不同,汉语简单陈述句是主语+谓语+宾语,而蒙语简单陈述句是主语+宾语+谓语。鉴于蒙语和汉语无论是词形还是句法结构都存在很大的差异,故需要探讨蒙语和汉语间的句内转换是否也会存在转换代价?如果存在转换代价,那么转换代价来源哪个加工过程?是否也存在转换代价的非对称效应?若发现了非对称效应,那么非对称效应背后的机制又是什么?考虑到这些问题,故亟待采用不同的研究技术从多个层面深入探究。本研究以蒙-汉双语者为研究对象,首次对蒙-汉的句内转换的认知机制进行研究。研究分别从行为层面、眼动层面和脑电层面深入探索句内转换代价在不同加工阶段中的特点及其相关机制。本文包含两个研究,分别从汉语和蒙语的词序一致的情况和词序不一致的情况进行探究。研究一以汉语把字句和蒙语陈述句(词序都是SOV)为实验材料,包含四种类型句子:汉语非转换句、蒙语非转换句、蒙语转换到汉语的转换句和汉语转换到蒙语的转换句。每种句子都包含语义正确和语义错误两种情况。实验1和2采用自定步速阅读范式,从行为层面探测词序一致情况下句内转换的转换代价及其特点;实验3采用眼动技术应用移动窗口范式,从眼动层面探索词序一致情况下转换加工的早期、中期和晚期阶段的转换代价特点;实验4采用ERPs技术应用系列视觉呈现范式,从脑电层面探索词序一致情况下转换加工的早期、中期和晚期阶段的转换代价特点及其机制。研究二以汉语陈述句(词序SVO)和蒙语陈述句(词序SOV)为实验材料,考察词序是否对句内转换的转换代价产生影响。实验5和6采用自定步速阅读范式,从行为层面探测词序不一致情况下句内转换的转换代价及其特点;实验7采用眼动技术应用移动窗口范式,从眼动层面探索词序不一致情况下转换加工的早期、中期阶段的转换代价特点;实验8采用ERPs技术应用系列视觉呈现范式,从脑电层面探索词序不一致情况下转换加工的早期、中期和晚期阶段的转换代价特点及其机制。研究发现:(1)由于二语浸入环境的影响,蒙-汉双语大学的汉语处于优势地位,加工速度更快。(2)蒙-汉双语者的句内转换存在转换代价,行为层面的非对称效应表现为蒙语转换到汉语时转换代价更大,眼动和脑电层面则发现转换目标词出现后的早期加工阶段的转换代价非对称效应为汉语转换到蒙语时更大;中期和晚期加工阶段的非对称效应为蒙语转换到汉语时更大。(3)蒙-汉双语者的句内转换的转代价来源于心理词汇组织系统之内和心理词汇组织系统之外。(4)词序的一致性会对语言理解过程中的句内转换产生影响。词序一致时会促进句中各成分的整合,而词序不一致时句子整合阶段会产生困难表现出转换代价。
[Abstract]:The study of bilingual language transfer has always been the focus of psycholinguists and linguists. Researchers have studied it from the aspects of language production and language comprehension. However, the study on the level of language comprehension is relatively small and mainly focuses on single word processing. Mongolian and Chinese belong to completely different language families, and the word order of the two sentences is very different. Chinese simple declarative sentence is subject + predicate + object, while Mongolian simple declarative sentence is subject + object + predicate. There are great differences between Mongolian and Chinese, so it is necessary to explore whether the intra-sentence conversion between Mongolian and Chinese also has conversion costs. If there is conversion costs, which processing process does the conversion costs come from? Is there asymmetric effect of the conversion costs? If there is asymmetric effect, what is the mechanism behind the asymmetric effect? Considering these problems, different research techniques are urgently needed to explore the cognitive mechanism of intra-sentence transformation in Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals for the first time. The first part of the study is based on Chinese Ba sentence and Mongolian declarative sentence (SOV). It contains four types of sentences: Chinese non-convertible sentences, Mongolian non-convertible sentences, Mongolian to Chinese conversion. In Experiment 1 and 2, the self-paced reading paradigm was used to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order from the behavioral level; in experiment 3, eye-movement technology was used to apply the moving window paradigm and eye-movement layer to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order. In experiment 4, ERPs technology was used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of conversion processing in the case of word order congruence. Ordered SVO and Mongolian declarative sentences (SOV) were used as experimental materials to examine whether word order had an effect on the cost of intra-sentence conversion. In experiment 8, a series of visual presentation paradigms were used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of word order inconsistent conversion processing. Under the influence of the environment, the Chinese language of Mongolian-Chinese Bilingual University is in a dominant position and can be processed more quickly. (2) The intra-sentence conversion of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals has a transformation cost, and the asymmetric effect at the behavioral level is that the transformation cost is higher when Mongolian is converted to Chinese, while the eye movement and EEG level find the early processing stage after the target words appear. The asymmetric effect of transformation cost is greater when Chinese is transferred to Mongolian, and the asymmetric effect is greater when Mongolian is converted to Chinese in the middle and late processing stages. (3) The intra-sentence transformation cost of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals comes from within the mental lexical organization system and outside the mental lexical organization system. (4) The consistency of word order will lead to language understanding. In the process of sentence-to-sentence conversion, the consistency of word order will promote the integration of all the components of the sentence, while the inconsistency of word order will lead to difficulties in sentence-to-sentence integration and show the cost of conversion.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2213691
[Abstract]:The study of bilingual language transfer has always been the focus of psycholinguists and linguists. Researchers have studied it from the aspects of language production and language comprehension. However, the study on the level of language comprehension is relatively small and mainly focuses on single word processing. Mongolian and Chinese belong to completely different language families, and the word order of the two sentences is very different. Chinese simple declarative sentence is subject + predicate + object, while Mongolian simple declarative sentence is subject + object + predicate. There are great differences between Mongolian and Chinese, so it is necessary to explore whether the intra-sentence conversion between Mongolian and Chinese also has conversion costs. If there is conversion costs, which processing process does the conversion costs come from? Is there asymmetric effect of the conversion costs? If there is asymmetric effect, what is the mechanism behind the asymmetric effect? Considering these problems, different research techniques are urgently needed to explore the cognitive mechanism of intra-sentence transformation in Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals for the first time. The first part of the study is based on Chinese Ba sentence and Mongolian declarative sentence (SOV). It contains four types of sentences: Chinese non-convertible sentences, Mongolian non-convertible sentences, Mongolian to Chinese conversion. In Experiment 1 and 2, the self-paced reading paradigm was used to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order from the behavioral level; in experiment 3, eye-movement technology was used to apply the moving window paradigm and eye-movement layer to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order. In experiment 4, ERPs technology was used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of conversion processing in the case of word order congruence. Ordered SVO and Mongolian declarative sentences (SOV) were used as experimental materials to examine whether word order had an effect on the cost of intra-sentence conversion. In experiment 8, a series of visual presentation paradigms were used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of word order inconsistent conversion processing. Under the influence of the environment, the Chinese language of Mongolian-Chinese Bilingual University is in a dominant position and can be processed more quickly. (2) The intra-sentence conversion of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals has a transformation cost, and the asymmetric effect at the behavioral level is that the transformation cost is higher when Mongolian is converted to Chinese, while the eye movement and EEG level find the early processing stage after the target words appear. The asymmetric effect of transformation cost is greater when Chinese is transferred to Mongolian, and the asymmetric effect is greater when Mongolian is converted to Chinese in the middle and late processing stages. (3) The intra-sentence transformation cost of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals comes from within the mental lexical organization system and outside the mental lexical organization system. (4) The consistency of word order will lead to language understanding. In the process of sentence-to-sentence conversion, the consistency of word order will promote the integration of all the components of the sentence, while the inconsistency of word order will lead to difficulties in sentence-to-sentence integration and show the cost of conversion.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
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