人际责任与疼痛共情的关系探究

发布时间：2018-09-02 06:36

【摘要】：共情这个术语,自它出现在文献中时就展现出了多种意义。比较统一的定义是,换位思考他人的想法、感受和行为的能力。由此引申出的疼痛共情,被认为是由于旁人遭受疼痛,而引发的感知、体验和情绪反应,即对他人疼痛的感同身受。无论是对个体的生存发展还是人际交往,疼痛共情都有着不可或缺的积极作用。影响疼痛共情的因素很多,其中人格因素是一种重要因素,但是人格与疼痛共情的关系还有待深入探索。本研究选择自立人格中的一种重要特质——人际责任来探索人格与共情的关系。人际责任是指对人忠、信,是一种体现中国文化特点的人际特质。本研究假设,人际责任与疼痛共情有关,而且这种关系受到情境因素的影响。具体表现为:在自我卷入度高的生动形象的伤害想象情境中,人际责任与疼痛共情的相关更高;在自我卷入度相对较低的情境中,人际责任分数与疼痛共情相关较低甚至可能不相关。实验一让被试观察他人身体部位疼痛图片并对其疼痛程度进行评定,并且在观察过程中对自己说:“他/她受到的伤害是我导致的”,同时生动形象地想象导致该人受到图片中所呈现的伤害的具体情境,以此探讨在伤害想象情境中人际责任与疼痛共情的关系。共113名被试,其中,85名女生,28名男生。先请被试填写一份大学生人际自立量表(ISSS-US),然后观察图片并评定图片中人物的疼痛程度。实验操作分别为:操作组(无伤害想象情境)、实验组(伤害想象情境)。结果发现伤害想象的主效应显著,人际责任的主效应不显著,伤害想象与人际责任的交互作用显著,即在伤害想象的情境中,被试的疼痛共情水平更高;仅在伤害想象的情境中,人际责任高分组比低分组的疼痛共情水平更高。实验二让被试通观察他人面部疼痛表情图片并对其疼痛程度进行评定,并且在观察过程中假设那些是受到被试惩罚的同学在受到电刺激时的面部表情,以此探讨在伤害假设情境中,人际责任与疼痛共情的关系。共106名被试,其中,81名女生,25名男生。先请被试填写一份大学生人际自立量表(ISSS-US),然后观察图片并评定图片中人物的疼痛程度。实验操作分别为:操作组(无伤害假设情境)、实验组(伤害假设情境)。结果发现伤害假设情境中,人际责任的主效应和交互作用均不显著。研究结果部分支持了假设,即人际责任与疼痛共情有关,但这种关系主要发生在高自我卷入度的情境下。本研究在推进人格与疼痛共情的关系及其影响因素方面有一定贡献,但还存在不足。
[Abstract]:The term empathy has shown many meanings since it appeared in the literature. A more uniform definition is the ability to think about others' thoughts, feelings, and actions. The resulting pain empathy is thought to be the perception, experience, and emotional response caused by pain to others, that is, empathy for the pain of others. Pain empathy plays an indispensable and positive role in both individual survival and interpersonal communication. There are many factors affecting pain empathy, among which personality factor is an important factor, but the relationship between personality and pain empathy needs to be further explored. In this study, an important trait of self-supporting personality, interpersonal responsibility, is chosen to explore the relationship between personality and empathy. Interpersonal responsibility refers to loyalty and trust, which embodies the characteristics of Chinese culture. This study assumes that interpersonal responsibility is associated with pain empathy and that this relationship is influenced by situational factors. In the situation of high degree of self-involvement and vivid image of injury imagination, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher; in the situation where the degree of self-involvement is relatively low, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher, while in the situation of relatively low degree of self-involvement, the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy is higher. Interpersonal responsibility scores are low or may not be associated with pain empathy. In experiment one, participants were asked to observe pictures of pain in other people's body parts and assess their pain levels, and in the course of the observation, they said to themselves, "I caused the injury to him or her." At the same time, vividly visualize the specific situation that caused the person to be hurt in the picture, so as to explore the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy in the situation of injury imagination. A total of 113 subjects, including 85 girls and 28 boys. Participants were asked to fill out a college student interpersonal support scale (ISSS-US), then observe the pictures and assess the pain level of the characters in the pictures. The experimental results were as follows: operation group (no injury imagination situation) and experimental group (injury imagination situation). The results showed that the main effect of injury imagination was significant, the main effect of interpersonal responsibility was not significant, the interaction between injury imagination and interpersonal responsibility was significant, that is, in the situation of injury imagination, the subjects' pain empathy level was higher; The high interpersonal responsibility group had a higher level of pain empathy than the low score group only in the context of injury imagination. Experiment two asked people to look at pictures of other people's facial pain expressions and assess their pain levels, and in the course of the observation assumed that those students who had been punished by the subjects had facial expressions when they were subjected to electrical stimulation. In order to explore the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and pain empathy in the injury hypothesis. A total of 106 subjects, including 81 girls and 25 boys. Participants were asked to fill out a college student interpersonal support scale (ISSS-US), then observe the pictures and assess the pain level of the characters in the pictures. The experimental results were as follows: operation group (no injury hypothetical situation) and experimental group (injury hypothesis situation). The results showed that the main effect and interaction of interpersonal responsibility were not significant in the injury hypothesis. The results support the hypothesis that interpersonal responsibility is related to pain empathy, but this relationship mainly occurs in the context of high degree of self involvement. This study has some contributions to promote the relationship between personality and pain empathy and its influencing factors, but there are still some shortcomings.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B848

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