4～6岁儿童在分配情境下的公平敏感性研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 14:21

【摘要】：目的探讨4~6岁儿童在分配情境下的公平敏感性。方法于2013年4—7月,选取北京市两所普通幼儿园共108例4~6岁儿童进行试验。考察其在匿名、不同成本条件(无成本、低成本、高成本)和不同公平程度(低不公平、高不公平)情境下,同时作为资源分配的决定者和接受者时的公平项选择率。结果在低不公平情境中:无成本时,4岁儿童未显示出对公平的偏好(22/36,P0.05),5、6岁儿童显示出对公平的偏好(30/36、30/36,P0.05);低成本时,4、5、6岁儿童均未显示出对公平的偏好(13/36、20/36、22/36,P0.05);高成本时,4、5岁儿童显示为拒绝公平项(6/36、8/36,P0.05),6岁儿童未显示出对公平的偏好(17/36,P0.05)。无成本时,5、6岁儿童公平项选择率高于4岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低成本时,6岁儿童公平项选择率高于4岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);高成本时,4、5岁儿童公平项选择率低于6岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在高不公平情境中:无成本时,4、5岁儿童未显示出对公平的偏好(22/36、24/36,P0.05),6岁儿童显示出对公平的偏好(31/36,P0.05);低成本时,4、5、6岁儿童均未显示出对公平的偏好(16/36、19/36、21/36,P0.05);高成本时,4岁儿童显示为拒绝公平项(4/36,P0.05),5、6岁儿童未显示出对公平的偏好(14/36、18/36,P0.05)。无成本时,6岁儿童公平项选择率高于4、5岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低成本时,4~6岁儿童公平项选择率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);高成本时,4岁儿童的公平项选择率低于5、6岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 4~6岁儿童的公平敏感性随年龄增长逐步发展,有无成本、成本大小及不公平程度均对其公平行为存在影响。对公平的偏好和对自我利益的考虑共同决定着儿童的分配决策,随着儿童年龄的增长,对公平的偏好逐渐占主导地位。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the fair sensitivity of children aged 4 to 6 years in distribution situations. Methods from April to July 2013, 108 children aged 4 to 6 years old from two kindergartens in Beijing were selected. The fair choice rate was investigated under the condition of anonymity, different cost conditions (no cost, low cost, high cost) and different degree of fairness (low unfair, high unfair), and at the same time, as the determinant and receiver of resource allocation. Results in the low unfair situation: at no cost, 4-year-old children did not show a preference for fairness (22 / 36, P 0.05), 5 or 6 years old children showed a preference for fairness (30 / 36, 30 / 36, P 0.05); at low cost, no preference for fairness was found among the 4- or 56-year-olds (13 / 36, 20 / 36, 20 / 36, 22 / 36, P 0.05); and at a high cost, a group of 45 or 45 years of age, at a high cost, showed no preference for fairness (13 / 36, 20 / 36, 20 / 36, 22 / 36, P / 05), while at a high cost, they showed a preference for fairness (30 / 36 / 36 / 36). Children showed no preference for fairness (6 / 36 / 8 / 36 / 6 P 0.05). 6 years old children did not show a preference for fairness (17 / 36% P 0.05). The fair choice rate of children aged 5 to 6 years was higher than that of 4 years old at no cost (P0.05), the fair choice rate of children aged 6 years old at low cost was higher than that of 4 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), and the fair choice rate of children aged 4 years old at high cost was lower than that of children aged 6 years old. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). In the high unfair situation: at no cost, the 4- year old did not show a preference for fairness (22 / 36 / 24 / 36 / 36) and the 6-year-old showed a preference for fairness (31 / 36 / 36 / 5); at low cost, none showed a preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 36 / 6); and at a high cost, a 4 year old child showed no preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 31 / 36 / 5); a 4 year old child at high cost showed a preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 31 / 36 P / 05); and at a high cost, a 4 year old child showed no preference for fairness. There was no preference for fairness (14 / 36 / 18 / 36 / 36) in 5-year-old children (4 / 36 / 3 / 6 P 0.05), and 5 / 36 years old children did not show a preference for fairness (14 / 36% / 36% P 0.05). The fair choice rate of children aged 6 years old at no cost was higher than that of children aged 4 to 5 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), there was no significant difference in the rate of fair choice of children aged 6 years old at low cost (P0.05), and the fair choice rate of children aged 4 years old at high cost was lower than that of children aged 5 to 6 years old. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion the fair sensitivity of 4- and 6-year-old children develops gradually with the increase of age. The cost, the cost and the degree of unfairness have influence on the fair behavior of 4- or 6-year-old children. The preference for fairness and the consideration of self-interest jointly determine the allocation decision of children. With the increase of children's age, the preference for equity gradually dominates.
【作者单位】：中国科学院行为科学重点实验室中国科学院心理研究所;中国科学院大学;奥尔堡大学学习与哲学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(31000469)
【分类号】：B844.1

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