语义范畴与加工水平对记忆刷新的影响

发布时间：2018-09-18 18:14

【摘要】：记忆刷新现象由Bjork(1978)发现，是指调整当前记忆中图式的表征状态以适应新信息的输入(MorrisJones,1990)。Bjork指出，当记忆刷新失败时，无关记忆与相关记忆的竞争趋势非常明显。Bjork提出的记忆刷新现象得到了大量心理学研究的支持。近期的fMRI研究发现，即使新记忆的检索是成功的，旧记忆和新记忆同时被激活；旧记忆的神经激活强烈与新记忆较低的检索准确率相联系；记忆刷新成功则是因为新记忆的所在范畴的活动比旧记忆所在范畴的活动更为强烈。但是，目前为止，有关范畴对记忆刷新是否存在影响并不清楚，旧记忆在记忆刷新中的具体作用仍在探讨中，刷新能否通过增强新记忆的加工水平而克服竞争还在探索阶段。本研究基于前人的理论观点，在配对联想学习任务下，使用面孔、社会场景和自然场景以及词汇合成的实验材料，以大学生为研究对象，通过三个实验来考察语义范畴和加工水平对记忆刷新的影响。实验一采用单因素被试内设计，共2个水平，在范畴间变换条件下，探讨记忆刷新是否独立于刺激范畴。实验二也采用单因素被试内设计，共6个水平，但因其中两个水平新旧记忆的范畴相同，其数据不进行分析。在类别间变换下，探讨记忆刷新是否独立于场景类别；同时，结合类别的重复条件，探讨了自然场景和社会场景在记忆上是否存在差异。实验三采用混合实验设计，将加工水平做为组间变量，考察不同加工水平的范畴对记忆刷新的影响。总结三个实验，，可以得到如下结论：(1)面孔和社会场景的记忆刷新中，与社会场景相比，面孔并不是特殊的，在预学习阶段和学习阶段之后，对学习阶段材料进行以范畴为整体的回忆，在记忆刷新中，面孔-社会场景和社会场景-面孔的影响程度是一样的，记忆刷新独立于刺激范畴。(2)自然场景和社会场景的记忆刷新，并不存在因为注意系统中对眼睛的特殊注意偏向以及对人类材料记忆的特殊性而使记忆系统中也产生对社会场景的特殊的记忆偏向，记忆刷新独立于场景类别。(3)旧记忆的加工水平并不影响记忆刷新程度，新记忆的加工水平决定了记忆刷新程度。对新记忆的多次强化加工可以克服与旧记忆的竞争从而使记忆成功刷新。本研究的意义在于对面孔、自然场景和社会场景对记忆刷新影响的探讨，能够对已有研究中的发现起到补充作用，并且通过对不同加工水平的区分，能够更加清晰地了解记忆刷新受到旧记忆和新记忆的加工水平的影响，为克服记忆刷新的失败提供一定的依据。
[Abstract]:The memory refresh phenomenon discovered by Bjork (1978) refers to adjusting the representation state of the schema in the current memory to fit the input of new information (MorrisJones,1990. Bjork). Bjork points out that when the memory refresh fails, The competitive trend between independent memory and related memory is very obvious. Bjork's memory refresh phenomenon is supported by a large number of psychological studies. Recent fMRI studies have found that even if the retrieval of new memory is successful, old memory and new memory are activated at the same time, and the neural activation of old memory is strongly associated with the low retrieval accuracy of new memory. Memory refresh is successful because the activity of the category in which the new memory is located is stronger than the activity of the category in which the old memory belongs. However, so far, it is not clear whether the category has influence on the memory refresh, and the role of the old memory in the memory refresh is still under discussion, and whether the refresh can overcome the competition by enhancing the processing level of the new memory is still in the exploration stage. Based on the previous theories, this study uses the experimental materials of face, social scene, natural scene and lexical synthesis under the paired associative learning task, and takes college students as the research objects. The effects of semantic category and processing level on memory refresh were investigated through three experiments. In experiment 1, two levels of single factor design were used to explore whether memory refresh was independent of stimulus category under the condition of inter-category transformation. The second experiment was also designed with a single factor in 6 levels, but two of them had the same category of new and old memory, so the data were not analyzed. Under the transformation of different categories, this paper discusses whether memory refresh is independent of scene category, and discusses whether there are differences in memory between natural scene and social scene in combination with the repetition condition of category. In experiment 3, the effect of different processing level on memory refresh was investigated by using mixed experimental design and taking processing level as intergroup variable. After summarizing the three experiments, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) in the memory refresh of the face and social scene, the face is not special compared with the social scene, after the pre-learning stage and the learning stage, In the memory refresh, the influence of face-social scene and social scene-face is the same. Memory refresh is independent of stimulus category. (2) memory refresh of natural scene and social scene, There is no special memory bias in the memory system for social scenes because of the special attention bias to the eyes in the attention system and the particularity of the human material memory. Memory refresh is independent of scene category. (3) the processing level of old memory does not affect the degree of memory refresh, and the processing level of new memory determines the degree of memory refresh. The repeated reinforcement of new memory can overcome the competition with the old memory and make the memory refresh successfully. The significance of this study is to explore the effects of faces, natural scenes and social scenes on memory refresh, which can complement the findings of previous studies and distinguish different processing levels. It can more clearly understand that memory refresh is affected by the processing level of old memory and new memory, which provides some basis for overcoming the failure of memory refresh.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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