孤独感个体对社交拒绝性信息的注意偏向
发布时间：2018-10-10 12:58
【摘要】：孤独感是由于个体期待与实际获得的社交关系之间的差异所引起的不良体验,它普遍存在于现代人群中,并且影响个体的心理健康。孤独感与社会认知联系紧密,国外在社会认知领域对孤独感个体的情绪、信息加上策略及注意机制等进行了讨论,但已有的研究在其注意加工机制上还存在争议。注意偏向是指个体对环境中某些特定的刺激所产生的选择性的注意,有研究者认为孤独感个体在区分情绪性面孔的成绩上没有显著差异,对情绪性刺激不产生注意偏向,也有研究者指出,孤独感个体在注视负性社交图片时会激活与视觉相关的皮层,但对其注意偏向的具体成分并未做进一步区分。本研究从社会认知角度入手,主要关注孤独感个体是否对社交拒绝性刺激产生注意偏向,并试图区分其注意偏向的具体成分,为孤独感的研究提供启发与建议。本研究重点讨论以下两个问题：一是孤独感被试与控制组被试是否对社交评价性信息(拒绝性或接纳性面孔)存在不同的注意偏向?二是如果两组被试对社交评价信息分别表现出不同的注意偏向,那么其具体的机制是什么?能否进一步区分其具体成分?研究尝试采用两个递进的实验范式来考察不同组别的被试会否对拒绝性或接纳性信息产生注意偏向。研究采用情绪性表情图片来表征社会评价刺激,实验一主要通过情绪Stroop范式,初步考察不同组别被试对社交情绪性刺激的注意偏向差异,结果显示,孤独感水平与情绪面孔的交互作用显著。具体而言,高孤独感个体对社交拒绝性刺激存在显著的注意偏向,而控制组对接纳性信息有显著的注意偏向。实验二主要通过添加中性图片对的点探测范式来讨论不同孤独感个体的注意偏向差异,通过判断探测点与情绪面孔是否一致以及该实验同中性情绪面孔实验之间的反应时差异,以讨论两组被试注意偏向的成分。具体而言,当一致性实验的反应时小于中性实验反应时,其注意成分可能为注意警觉,而不一致实验反应时大于中性实验,可考虑存在的注意脱离困难成分。实验二的结果再一次验证了情绪Stroop的结果,同时还进一步区分出注意偏向的不同成分。孤独感被试对社交拒绝性信息的注意偏向得分显著高于控制组,说明孤独感被试对社交拒绝性刺激有显著的注意偏向,其成分主要为注意脱离困难。控制组被试在社交接纳性信息的注意偏向得分上显著高于孤独感被试组,控制组被试对接纳性信息有显著注意偏向,其具体成分是注意脱离困难。本研究通过不同的实验范式验证了孤独感个体对社交拒绝性刺激存在注意偏向,并且当孤独感个体将注意力集中于社交拒绝刺激时很难从该类刺激转移,出现了注意脱离困难现象。研究结果可以为孤独感个体的注意力训练提供实证依据,同时也可以为高校心理健康教育提供一定的建议。
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2261858
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842
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