大学生状态性希望及干预研究
发布时间：2018-10-15 06:50
【摘要】：积极心理学致力于挖掘和培养人的积极心理品质,促进人们的发展和幸福。希望作为24种积极心理品质之一,对人们的社会适应和发展有着非常重要的意义。本研究旨在明确希望的心理结构与运作模式,探索希望的影响因素及测量工具,为提升大学生希望水平提供理论指导和方法启示。基于文献理论分析,希望表现为特质和状态两个层次,希望特质是个体一种稳定、内隐、持久的心理品质和情感特质,是希望的静态表现形式;状态性希望是个体受具体情境影响后产生的一种即时、外显、波动的主观情绪体验,是希望的动态表现形式。高希望特质个体在具体情境中容易体验到状态性希望。状态性希望在个体身上经常出现、渐趋稳定、并镶嵌到个体的心理品质中时,就形成希望特质。另一方面,希望又是个体对具体情境事件的目标、动力和途径的认知评价。个体对事件目标的认知、实现目标途径的判断、达成目标动力的意愿综合成希望认知系统变量:目标导向-利益认知评价,它是影响状态性希望发生变化的基本条件。本研究基于希望的认知评价理论和情绪情感理论,按照"理论建构—现状调查—机理分析—干预实践"的研究路线,从"特质和状态"、"静态和动态"等不同视角出发,综合文献分析、问卷调查、情境实验、重评干预,团体辅导和个案咨询等方法,建构了希望的心理结构模型与运作模式,编制希望特质与状态性希望测量问卷,调查大学生希望特质现状,揭示状态性希望的发生条件和变化机制,探索影响状态性希望的各种因素,研究提升大学生希望水平的团体心理辅导和个案咨询方法,研究内容及主要结论如下:(1)建构大学生希望特质心理结构模型,编制《大学生希望特质测评问卷》并调查研究大学生希望特质现状及在人口学变量上的差异性。明确大学生希望特质主要存在于他们关注的社交友谊、课程学习、职业发展、情感生活,家庭氛围,休闲娱乐等生活领域,通过大学生对生活领域事件情境中目标、动力和途径的认知评价表现出来。大学生希望特质处于中等偏上水平,在不同生活领域中的发展存在不均衡性,在人口学变量上存在显著的结构性差异和交互作用影响。(2)建构大学生状态性希望心理结构模型,编制《状态性希望测评问卷》并开展状态性希望发生性实验研究,探索目标导向-利益认知评价对被试状态性希望的发生性影响;设计认知重评实验改变被试目标导向-利益认知评价研究状态性希望的变化机制;在实验过程中研究了诸如血压、心率、体温等客观生理指标与状态性希望之间的关系。明确个体针对事件情境的目标导向-利益认知评价是状态性希望发生的基本条件;通过认知重评改变被试的目标导向-利益认知评价进而改变其状态性希望。血压、心率、体温等生理参数反应了状态性希望的变化状况,是评估个体状态性希望的客观变量。(3)实验研究个体希望特质与环境氛围对状态性希望的影响。明确希望特质是影响个体状态性希望的内在因素,环境氛围是影响个体状态性希望的外部因素。(4)通过团体心理辅导和临床个案咨询研究,探索希望团体心理辅导和临床个案咨询方法提升希望特质的作用和效果。研究证明通过灌输希望、确立目标、改善路径思维、加强动力意识,能够增强大学生状态性希望,提升大学生希望特质。
[Abstract]:Positive psychology is devoted to digging and cultivating positive mental quality of people and promoting people's development and happiness. Hope as one of 24 positive mental qualities, it is very important to people's social adaptation and development. The purpose of this study is to define the desired psychological structure and operation model, explore the influence factors and measuring tools, and provide theoretical guidance and method for the improvement of college students' hope. Based on the literature theory analysis, it is hoped that the characteristics are two levels of character and state, and the hope is that the individual is a stable, implicit, lasting psychological quality and emotion characteristic, which is the static manifestation of hope; the status hope is a kind of instant and real time generated after the individual is affected by the specific situation. The subjective emotional experience of the fluctuation is the dynamic manifestation of hope. High-hope traits can easily experience state-of-the-art in a specific context. The status quo is expected to occur frequently and steadily on the individual, and is embedded into the mental quality of the individual, thus forming the desired characteristics. On the other hand, it is hoped that the individual's cognitive evaluation of the target, motivation and approach of specific context events. The individual's cognition to the target of the event, the judgment of the target approach, and the willingness to reach the target power are integrated into the hope that the cognitive system variable is the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation, which is the basic condition that influences the change of the state-based desire. Based on the theory of cognitive evaluation and the theory of emotional emotion, this paper analyzes the research route of the intervention practice based on the theory of the theory and the current situation of the theory of emotion, analyzes the characteristics and status, static and dynamic and so on from different perspectives, such as comprehensive literature analysis, questionnaire survey, situation experiment, re-evaluation intervention, group counseling and case consultation, etc. The author constructs the desired psychological structure model and operation mode, prepares the hope characteristic and the state desire measurement questionnaire, investigates the current situation of the university student's hope, reveals the occurrence condition and the change mechanism of the state desire, and explores various factors which influence the state desire. The research contents and main conclusions are as follows: (1) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' hopes; To develop a questionnaire for college students' hope traits, and to investigate the differences in the characteristics and demographic variables of college students. It is clear that the characteristics of college students mainly exist in the fields of social friendship, curriculum learning, career development, emotional life, family atmosphere, leisure and entertainment and so on. College students hope that the traits are at medium-level, there is imbalance in the development of different living areas, and there are significant structural differences and interaction effects on demographic variables. (2) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' status, prepare a questionnaire on the status expectation and carry out the research on the status hope, explore the influence of target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation on the occurrence of the tested status hope; The relationship between objective physiological indexes such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and status hope was studied in the course of experiment. It is clear that individual target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation for event context is the basic condition of status hope, and the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation is changed by cognitive reevaluation to change its status hope. The physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological parameters, are the objective variables to evaluate the individual's status. (3) The influence of the individual hope and the environmental atmosphere on the status hope is studied in the experiment. It is clearly hoped that the trait is the intrinsic factor that affects the individual's status, and the environmental atmosphere is the external factor that affects the individual's status. (4) Through group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling, this paper explores the role and effect of group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling. The research proves that by instilling hope, establishing the goal, improving the path thinking and strengthening the power consciousness, it can enhance the college students' status hope and improve the college students' hope.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
，
本文编号：2271716
[Abstract]:Positive psychology is devoted to digging and cultivating positive mental quality of people and promoting people's development and happiness. Hope as one of 24 positive mental qualities, it is very important to people's social adaptation and development. The purpose of this study is to define the desired psychological structure and operation model, explore the influence factors and measuring tools, and provide theoretical guidance and method for the improvement of college students' hope. Based on the literature theory analysis, it is hoped that the characteristics are two levels of character and state, and the hope is that the individual is a stable, implicit, lasting psychological quality and emotion characteristic, which is the static manifestation of hope; the status hope is a kind of instant and real time generated after the individual is affected by the specific situation. The subjective emotional experience of the fluctuation is the dynamic manifestation of hope. High-hope traits can easily experience state-of-the-art in a specific context. The status quo is expected to occur frequently and steadily on the individual, and is embedded into the mental quality of the individual, thus forming the desired characteristics. On the other hand, it is hoped that the individual's cognitive evaluation of the target, motivation and approach of specific context events. The individual's cognition to the target of the event, the judgment of the target approach, and the willingness to reach the target power are integrated into the hope that the cognitive system variable is the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation, which is the basic condition that influences the change of the state-based desire. Based on the theory of cognitive evaluation and the theory of emotional emotion, this paper analyzes the research route of the intervention practice based on the theory of the theory and the current situation of the theory of emotion, analyzes the characteristics and status, static and dynamic and so on from different perspectives, such as comprehensive literature analysis, questionnaire survey, situation experiment, re-evaluation intervention, group counseling and case consultation, etc. The author constructs the desired psychological structure model and operation mode, prepares the hope characteristic and the state desire measurement questionnaire, investigates the current situation of the university student's hope, reveals the occurrence condition and the change mechanism of the state desire, and explores various factors which influence the state desire. The research contents and main conclusions are as follows: (1) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' hopes; To develop a questionnaire for college students' hope traits, and to investigate the differences in the characteristics and demographic variables of college students. It is clear that the characteristics of college students mainly exist in the fields of social friendship, curriculum learning, career development, emotional life, family atmosphere, leisure and entertainment and so on. College students hope that the traits are at medium-level, there is imbalance in the development of different living areas, and there are significant structural differences and interaction effects on demographic variables. (2) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' status, prepare a questionnaire on the status expectation and carry out the research on the status hope, explore the influence of target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation on the occurrence of the tested status hope; The relationship between objective physiological indexes such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and status hope was studied in the course of experiment. It is clear that individual target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation for event context is the basic condition of status hope, and the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation is changed by cognitive reevaluation to change its status hope. The physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological parameters, are the objective variables to evaluate the individual's status. (3) The influence of the individual hope and the environmental atmosphere on the status hope is studied in the experiment. It is clearly hoped that the trait is the intrinsic factor that affects the individual's status, and the environmental atmosphere is the external factor that affects the individual's status. (4) Through group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling, this paper explores the role and effect of group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling. The research proves that by instilling hope, establishing the goal, improving the path thinking and strengthening the power consciousness, it can enhance the college students' status hope and improve the college students' hope.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
，
本文编号：2271716
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