价值联结刺激吸引视觉注意定向偏向

发布时间：2018-11-08 09:13

【摘要】：最近有研究证实学习将行为的价值结果和特定刺激联结后(价值学习),该刺激可以在视觉搜索任务中捕获注意。本研究采用价值联结程序和点探测任务相结合的程序,以大学生为被试,以无意义图形轮廓为实验材料,以反应时和ERP成分N2pc为实验指标,探讨了个体在不出现价值解雇的调价下,对价值联结刺激是否存在注意偏向,并对探究了这一注意偏向的来源是注意快速定向还是注意解脱困难。被试首先学习将无意义图形的轮廓和奖励以及惩罚进行价值联结;这样就会形成奖励联结图形和惩罚联结图形。然后在点探测测试任务中这些图形作为线索出现。实验一点探测任务中,线索呈现500ms后,目标刺激取代线索图形出现在图形价值显著的位置(一致试次)或者不显著的位置(不一致试次)。结果显示,高奖励联结相关试次中,被试对一致试次反应快于不一致试次;高惩罚联结相关试次中,被试对不一致试次反应快于一致试次。结果说明对于价值联结刺激注意偏向。实验二为了探索对价值联结刺激注意偏向的成分,也即注意偏向的来源,增加了中性试次。同时为探索对价值联结刺激的注意偏向可以在注意视觉加工的多早阶段发生,线索呈现的事件设置为50ms,300ms和500ms。价值学习的程序和实验一致。实验二发现,奖励相关试次中,当线索呈现时间为500ms时,被试对一致试次反应比不一致试次快,同时对高价值联结一致试次反应比高价值联结中性试次快,对不一致试次和中性试次反应是无差别;惩罚相关试次中,当线索呈现事件为300ms时,被试对高价值联结一致试次反应时比高价值联结不一致试次反应时快,同时对高价值联结一致试次反应比高价值联结中性试次反应快,对不一致试次和中性试次反应无显著差异。实验二结果说明对价值联结刺激注意偏向来源于快速注意定向。实验三采用ERP技术探究了对价值联结刺激注意偏向的神经生理机制。脑电数据显示,奖励联结刺激和惩罚联结刺激都诱发早期N2pc成分,为价值联结刺激注意捕获神经机制提供了证据。但是只有奖励联结刺激诱发晚期N2pc,这一结果提示注意捕获后,价值编码对视觉加工过程中注意资源分配具有调节作用。综上所述,本研究结果通过三个实验从行为和生理层面表明了通过价值学习形成一定价值经验后,个体对动机凸显性价值联结刺激存在注意偏向,并且这一注意偏向起源于视觉加工过程中注意对价值联结刺激的快速定向而不是注意解脱困难。另外ERP结果表明,注意捕获后,对价值联结刺激的晚期注意资源分配受价值编码的调节。研究结果一方面拓展了价值驱动注意捕获的适用范围,也进一步揭示了价值联结刺激影响注意加工过程的认知加工机制。
[Abstract]:Recent studies have shown that learning links the value of behavior to a particular stimulus (value learning), which can capture attention in visual search tasks. In this study, the value linking program and the point detection task were adopted. The college students were taken as subjects, the meaningless figure contours were used as experimental materials, and the reaction time and ERP component N2pc were used as the experimental indexes. This paper discusses whether there is a bias of attention to the stimulation of value association under the condition that the individual does not have the adjustment of value dismissal, and probes into whether the source of this attention bias is attention fast orientation or attention extrication. The subjects first learned to value the contours and rewards and penalties of meaningless graphics, which would form reward and penalty join patterns. These figures then appear as clues in the point detection test task. In the experimental point detection task, after the clue presents 500ms, the target stimulus replaces the clue figure to appear in the position where the figure value is significant (consistent test time) or not significant (inconsistent test time). The results showed that the response of the subjects to the consistent test was faster than that of the inconsistent test, and the response to the inconsistent test was faster than that of the consistent test. The results showed that attention bias to value coupling stimulation. In the second experiment, to explore the component of attention bias, I. E. the source of attention bias, we increased the number of neutral tests. At the same time, in order to explore how early attention bias can occur in visual attention processing, the events presented were set as 50ms / 300ms and 500ms / s respectively. The procedure of value learning is consistent with the experiment. In the second experiment, when the cue time was 500ms, the subjects responded faster to the consistent test than to the inconsistent test, and to the high-value associative test, the co-reaction was faster than that of the high-value association neutral test, the second experiment showed that, in the reward related test, the response of the subjects to the consistent test was faster than that of the inconsistent test. There was no difference between non-uniform test and neutral test. In the penalty dependent test, when the clue presented the event as 300ms, the response time of the participants to the high value association consistent test was faster than that of the high value association inconsistent test. At the same time, the reaction of consistent test with high value association was faster than that with neutral test with high value, but there was no significant difference between inconsistent test and neutral test. The results of experiment 2 show that attention bias to value coupling stimulation comes from fast attention orientation. In experiment 3, ERP technique was used to explore the neurophysiological mechanism of attention bias to value coupling stimulation. EEG data showed that both reward and punishment coupling stimuli induced early N2pc components, which provided evidences for the mechanism of attentional capture of value-associated stimuli. However, only reward coupling stimuli induce late N2pcs, which suggests that value coding can regulate the allocation of attention resources during visual processing after attention capture. In conclusion, through three experiments, the results show that after the formation of value experience through value learning, the individual has a bias towards motivational salient value coupling stimulation. Moreover, this attention bias originates from the quick orientation of value coupling stimulation in visual processing rather than from the difficulty of attention relief. In addition, ERP results showed that the late attention allocation of value coupling stimulation was regulated by value coding after attention capture. The results of the study not only expand the applicable scope of value-driven attention capture, but also reveal the cognitive processing mechanism that value coupling stimuli influence the process of attention processing.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3

【相似文献】