挫折情境下不同心理弹性者的解释偏向和判断偏向

发布时间：2018-11-21 13:24

【摘要】：人们对信息的加工是一个循环的过程而非是直线过程,每一个认知阶段都可能出现偏向。在高压或逆境环境下,人们对一些含糊不清或模棱两可的信息进行加工时,其认知加工方式存在着不同方向性的倾向(积极倾向或消极倾向)。当人们遭遇困境/危机时,心理弹性对个体具有调节作用,影响着个体对内外界刺激信息的认知。因此,研究大学生心理弹性的认知特点可以帮助大学生正确地认识压力及逆境,形成一种积极的态度和评价,为心理弹性水平低的个体在心理辅导及心理干预方面提供实证证据及理论指导。本研究采用大学生心理弹性问卷(CD-RISC),以心理弹性得分高低端各27%的被试参加实验,使用模糊情境范式考察不同心理弹性者的解释偏向及判断偏向。实验一以简短句子为模糊信息材料,以此探讨在挫折情境中不同心理弹性者的解释偏向及判断偏向的认知特点及二者之间的关系;实验二以人物头部背面图片作为模糊信息材料,进一步探讨解释偏向与判断偏向的内在认知方式,有助于丰富、充实及完善认知加工偏向的理论研究。通过实验一与实验二,得出了以下结论:(1)在模糊信息(简短句子)条件下,无论有无挫折情境高心理弹性者对模糊信息均表现出积极解释偏向和积极判断偏向。在挫折情境下低心理弹性者对模糊信息存在着消极解释偏向和消极判断偏向。(2)在模糊图片(人物头部背面图片)下,无论有无挫折情境无信息线索提示下,高、低心理弹性者都没有表现出明显的判断偏向;但加入信息线索提示后,高心理弹性者对模糊图片均表现出积极判断偏向和积极解释偏向,而有挫折情境下低心理弹性者对模糊图片存在着消极解释偏向和消极判断偏向。(3)高、低心理弹性者在信息加工解释阶段与判断阶段的认知加工方式具有内在一致性。
[Abstract]:The processing of information is a circular process rather than a linear process. Under high pressure or adverse circumstances, when people process some ambiguous or ambiguous information, their cognitive processing methods have different directional tendencies (positive or negative). When people encounter difficulties / crises, psychological elasticity regulates individuals and affects the cognition of internal and external stimuli. Therefore, studying the cognitive characteristics of college students' psychological elasticity can help them to understand pressure and adversity correctly and form a positive attitude and evaluation. To provide empirical evidence and theoretical guidance for individuals with low level of psychological elasticity in psychological counseling and psychological intervention. In this study, college students' mental resilience questionnaire (CD-RISC) was used to investigate the interpretation bias and judgment bias of the subjects with different mental resilience using fuzzy situational paradigm, with 27% of the subjects participating in the experiment. In experiment one, short sentences are used as fuzzy information materials to explore the cognitive characteristics of interpretation bias and judgment bias and the relationship between them in frustration situations. In experiment two, the image of the back of the head of the character is used as the fuzzy information material to further explore the internal cognitive mode of the interpretation bias and the judgment bias, which is helpful to enrich, enrich and perfect the theoretical research on the cognitive processing bias. By experiment 1 and experiment 2, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) under the condition of fuzzy information (short sentence), those with high psychological flexibility show positive interpretation bias and positive judgment bias to fuzzy information, regardless of whether there are setbacks or not. In frustration situation, there were negative interpretation bias and negative judgment bias to fuzzy information. (2) under fuzzy picture (figure head back picture), whether there was frustration situation or not without information clue, it was high. Those with low psychological flexibility did not show obvious judgment bias; However, after adding information cues, the subjects with high psychological flexibility showed positive judgment bias and positive interpretation bias towards fuzzy images. However, there is a negative interpretation bias and a negative judgment bias to the fuzzy picture in the low resilience group. (3) the cognitive processing style of the low psychological flexibility group in the information processing interpretation stage is consistent with that in the judgment stage. (3) the cognitive processing style of the low psychological flexibility group is consistent with that of the information processing interpretation stage and the judgment stage.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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