心理咨询中的帮助—当事人与咨询师的对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 16:49

【摘要】：心理学中关于帮助的理论研究和实证研究都已经日臻完善,心理咨询作为一种特殊的帮助情境还没有进入研究者的视野。但是在实际的心理咨询的环境中,帮助是一个很重要的话题。鉴于此,笔者初步对心理咨询中的帮助类型,按照实际的发展过程从当事人希望的帮助类型、咨询师给与的帮助类型、当事人知觉的帮助类型三个角度进行探索,以期了解在三种角度下的帮助类型的异同及其影响因素。围绕这一目标,我们进行了以下三个研究：研究一目的:了解当事人希望的帮助的类型、知觉的帮助的类型及其影响因素。方法：采用问卷法,当事人填写问卷。结果：有58人(44.6%)希望得到依赖倾向的帮助,70人(54.7%)希望得到自主倾向的帮助。当事人的责任程度、人格独立性可以正向预测当事人希望的帮助类型。在当事人知觉到的帮助类型中,有50人(38.5%)知觉到咨询师给与的是依赖倾向的帮助,有78人(60.9%)知觉到咨询师给与的是自主倾向的帮助。当事人的责任程度、人格独立性可以正向预测当事人知觉的帮助类型。结论：当事人希望的帮助与知觉的帮助存在显著差异。研究二目的：了解咨询师咨询师给与的帮助类型及其影响因素。方法：采用问卷法,咨询师填写问卷。结果：在咨询师实际给与的帮助类型中,给与的“依赖倾向的帮助”的有21人(17.6%),给与“自主倾向的帮助”的有95人(79.8%)。咨询师知觉的当事人的可控程度、当事人的能力归因、当事人的情绪状态可以预测咨询师给与的帮助类型。结论：咨询师给与的帮助同时受当事人与咨询师的影响。研究三目的：在研究一和研究二的基础上,将当事人希望的帮助类型、咨询师给与的帮助类型、当事人知觉的帮助类型进行对比研究。方法:将收集到的一对咨询师与当事人的信心进行对比研究。结果：当事人的可控程度评估、自尊评估、内归因评估,咨询师从事咨询的时间以及对当事人人格独立性的评估等可以预测当事人“希望的帮助”与“知觉的帮助”是否一致。当事人评估的可控程度、自尊、内归因,咨询师评估的当事人的人格独立性和从事咨询的时间可以预测当事人“希望的帮助”与咨询师“给与的帮助”是否一致。当事人评估的内归因,咨询师评估的情绪状态、人格独立性以及咨询师的心理控制源和收费标准可以预测当事人“希望的帮助”与咨询师“给与的帮助”是否一致。结论：三种帮助之间是否一致同时受咨询师与当事人两方的影响。
[Abstract]:The theoretical and empirical research on help in psychology has been improved day by day. As a special help situation, psychological counseling has not entered the researchers' field of vision. But in a practical counseling environment, help is an important topic. In view of this, the author preliminarily explores the types of help in psychological counseling, according to the actual development process, from three angles: the type of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant, and the type of help perceived by the client. The purpose of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences of the types of help in the three angles and their influencing factors. Around this goal, we have carried out the following three studies: the purpose of the study: to understand the type of help desired by the client, the type of perceived help and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used to fill out the questionnaire. Results: 58 (44.6%) wanted help from dependence tendency, and 70 (54.7%) wanted help from independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party wants. Among the types of help perceived by the client, 50 (38.5%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of dependency tendency, and 78 (60.9%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of the independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party perceives. Conclusion: there are significant differences between the desired help and perceived help. The second purpose of the study was to understand the types of help offered by consultants and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used and the consultant filled out the questionnaire. Results: among the types of help actually given by counsellors, 21 (17.6%) were given the help of dependence tendency, and 95 (79.8%) were given the help of independent propensity. The degree of control of the client, the attribution of the client's ability, and the emotional state of the client can predict the type of help given by the consultant. Conclusion: the help given by the consultant is influenced by both the client and the consultant. The purpose of this study is to compare the types of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant and the type of help perceived by the client on the basis of the first and second studies. Methods: a comparative study was conducted on the confidence of a pair of consultants and clients. Results: the controllability evaluation, self-esteem evaluation, internal attribution assessment, consultant's time of consultation and the evaluation of the personality independence of the client could predict whether the client's "desired help" and "perceived help" were consistent. The degree of controllability, self-esteem, internal attribution, the personality independence of the client assessed by the consultant and the time spent conducting the consultation can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the consultant's "help". The internal attribution of the client evaluation, the emotional state assessed by the consultant, the personality independence, the psychological locus of control of the consultant and the charging standard can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the help given by the consultant. Conclusion: consistency among the three types of help is influenced by both the consultant and the client.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B849

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