不同强度运动对大学生工作记忆影响的研究
发布时间：2018-11-28 14:39
【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，人们的物质生活条件得到了极大的改善，在物质生活得到满足之后，人们把关注的焦点转移到精神生活，更关注个体的心理健康。除了适度的情绪控制、恰当正确的自我认知以及良好的人际交往之外，心理健康还包括健全的智力，广义上的认知包括与智力有关的一切活动。同时，以往的研究发现，工作记忆是认知活动中最重要的核心因素，为所有认知活动提供了一个工作平台。大学生是社会的新兴力量，是未来促进社会发展的主力军。因此，研究体育锻炼对大学生工作记忆的影响具有非常重要的理论和现实意义。 大量研究表明，身体锻炼对认知活动有影响，但这种影响随锻炼强度不同而不同。以往研究表明，短期中等强度的体育锻炼能对锻炼者的认知活动产生积极影响，高强度的剧烈运动对个体的认知功能却会产生消极的影响。基于此，本研究假设：（1）不同强度的运动对大学生工作记忆的影响不同；（2）小强度和中等强度运动都能够改善大学生的工作记忆，但改善的程度有所不同；（3）大强度的运动则会损害大学生的工作记忆。 本研究采用实验的方法。在内蒙古师范大学的本科生中选取80名被试（Ｍ＝２２．7，SD=0.79），男女各半，所有被试均没有参与体育锻炼的习惯。按运动强度将实验分为安静组、小强度运动组、中等强度运动组和大强度运动组。安静组被试要求被试静坐5分钟；小强度要求被试心率达到110-120次/min；中等强度要求心率达到140-150次/min；大强度运动要求心率达到170-180次/min。心率达到要求后维持此心率继续运动5分钟。利用polar表来监控被试心率，以跑步为锻炼形式。所有被试在运动后立刻进行言语和空间2-back任务测试，收集被试的正确率和反应时。 实验结果显示:（1）在正确率上，不同的运动强度对大学生两种工作记忆均没有显著影响。（2）在反应时上，不同的运动强度对大学生两种工作记忆有不同的影响，并且差异显著。主要表现在小强度运动降低了被试言语和空间工作记忆的反应时，，但这种降低不具有显著意义：言语工作记忆反应时P=0.2980.05，空间工作记忆反应时P=0.6080.05；中等强度的运动能够显著加快被试言语和空间工作记忆的反应：言语工作记忆反应时P=0.040.05，空间工作记忆反应时P=0.0340.05；大强度运动会显著增加被试在言语和空间工作记忆任务上的反应时：言语工作记忆反应时P=0.0370.05，空间工作记忆反应时P=0.0470.05。不同性别的被试在不同运动强度下，两种工作记忆的正确率和反应时均无显著差异。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, people's material living conditions have been greatly improved. After the material life has been satisfied, people focus on the spiritual life and pay more attention to the individual's mental health. In addition to moderate emotional control, proper self-cognition and good interpersonal communication, mental health also includes sound intelligence. In a broad sense, cognition includes all activities related to intelligence. At the same time, previous studies have found that working memory is the most important core factor in cognitive activities and provides a working platform for all cognitive activities. College students are the new strength of society and the main force to promote social development in the future. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of physical exercise on the working memory of college students. A large number of studies have shown that physical exercise has an impact on cognitive activities, but this effect varies with the intensity of exercise. Previous studies have shown that the short-term moderate intensity of physical exercise can have a positive impact on the cognitive activities of exercisers, but high intensity of strenuous exercise will have a negative impact on the cognitive function of individuals. Based on this, this study hypothesized: (1) the effect of different intensity exercise on the working memory of college students is different; (2) both small intensity and moderate intensity exercise can improve the working memory of college students, but the degree of improvement is different; (3) intensive exercise can damage the working memory of college students. This research adopts the experimental method. Among the undergraduates of Inner Mongolia normal University, 80 subjects (MJ22.7SD0.79), half of men and half of men, had no habit of participating in physical exercise. According to exercise intensity, the experiment was divided into quiet group, small intensity exercise group, moderate intensity exercise group and high intensity exercise group. Participants in the quiet group were asked to sit for 5 minutes, the heart rate of the subjects with small intensity was 110-120 times / min; moderate intensity, the heart rate was 140-150 beats / min; heavy intensity exercise required 170-180 beats / min.. Maintain the heart rate for 5 minutes after the heart rate reaches the request. Use the polar table to monitor the heart rate of the subjects, taking running as a form of exercise. All subjects were tested with verbal and spatial 2-back task immediately after exercise, and the correct rate and reaction time were collected. The results showed that: (1) different exercise intensity had no significant effect on two kinds of working memory of college students in correct rate. (2) in response time, different exercise intensity had different influence on two kinds of working memory of college students. And the difference is significant. The main results were as follows: the response of speech and spatial working memory was decreased by small intensity exercise, but the decrease was not significant: the response time of speech working memory was 0.2980.05, the reaction of spatial working memory was 0.6080.05; Moderate intensity exercise could significantly accelerate the responses of speech and spatial working memory: P0. 040.05 in verbal working memory and 0. 034. 05 in spatial working memory. The response time of speech and spatial working memory task was significantly increased in high intensity exercise: P0.0370.05 for verbal working memory and 0.0470.05 for spatial working memory. There was no significant difference in the correct rate and reaction time of working memory between the two groups under different exercise intensity.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2363158
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, people's material living conditions have been greatly improved. After the material life has been satisfied, people focus on the spiritual life and pay more attention to the individual's mental health. In addition to moderate emotional control, proper self-cognition and good interpersonal communication, mental health also includes sound intelligence. In a broad sense, cognition includes all activities related to intelligence. At the same time, previous studies have found that working memory is the most important core factor in cognitive activities and provides a working platform for all cognitive activities. College students are the new strength of society and the main force to promote social development in the future. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of physical exercise on the working memory of college students. A large number of studies have shown that physical exercise has an impact on cognitive activities, but this effect varies with the intensity of exercise. Previous studies have shown that the short-term moderate intensity of physical exercise can have a positive impact on the cognitive activities of exercisers, but high intensity of strenuous exercise will have a negative impact on the cognitive function of individuals. Based on this, this study hypothesized: (1) the effect of different intensity exercise on the working memory of college students is different; (2) both small intensity and moderate intensity exercise can improve the working memory of college students, but the degree of improvement is different; (3) intensive exercise can damage the working memory of college students. This research adopts the experimental method. Among the undergraduates of Inner Mongolia normal University, 80 subjects (MJ22.7SD0.79), half of men and half of men, had no habit of participating in physical exercise. According to exercise intensity, the experiment was divided into quiet group, small intensity exercise group, moderate intensity exercise group and high intensity exercise group. Participants in the quiet group were asked to sit for 5 minutes, the heart rate of the subjects with small intensity was 110-120 times / min; moderate intensity, the heart rate was 140-150 beats / min; heavy intensity exercise required 170-180 beats / min.. Maintain the heart rate for 5 minutes after the heart rate reaches the request. Use the polar table to monitor the heart rate of the subjects, taking running as a form of exercise. All subjects were tested with verbal and spatial 2-back task immediately after exercise, and the correct rate and reaction time were collected. The results showed that: (1) different exercise intensity had no significant effect on two kinds of working memory of college students in correct rate. (2) in response time, different exercise intensity had different influence on two kinds of working memory of college students. And the difference is significant. The main results were as follows: the response of speech and spatial working memory was decreased by small intensity exercise, but the decrease was not significant: the response time of speech working memory was 0.2980.05, the reaction of spatial working memory was 0.6080.05; Moderate intensity exercise could significantly accelerate the responses of speech and spatial working memory: P0. 040.05 in verbal working memory and 0. 034. 05 in spatial working memory. The response time of speech and spatial working memory task was significantly increased in high intensity exercise: P0.0370.05 for verbal working memory and 0.0470.05 for spatial working memory. There was no significant difference in the correct rate and reaction time of working memory between the two groups under different exercise intensity.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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